Test 3 · Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs

«my mate reckons pigeons are just flying rats, they're gross» What is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, pigeons, best answer · What happens: reckon, fly, be · To what, where: rats · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 of lesson 221 «Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 reckons	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 mate	nmod:poss
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reckons	nsubj
4	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 flying	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 flying	aux
7	just	just	ADV	_	8 flying	advmod
8	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 reckons	ccomp
9	rats	rat	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 flying	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 gross	punct
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 gross	nsubj
12	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 gross	cop
13	gross	gross	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reckons	parataxis
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 gross	punct
15	What	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 gross	conj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 What	cop
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 answer	det
18	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	19 answer	amod
19	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 What	nsubj
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	reckon in a quote	present	my mate			vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	fly in a quote	present · progressive	pigeons	rats		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rat=Theme
3	is in a quote	present	pigeons = pigeon		gross property	tree rules
4	is a	present	the best answer			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Wrong, pigeons are the same as parrots

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pigeons	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Wrong	punct
3	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 same	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 same	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 same	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	as	as	ADP	_	8 parrots	case
8	parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 same	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Wrong pigeons					as parrots; same property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Unfair: they came from cliff doves and have lived with people for thousands of years

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Unfair	unfair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 lived	advcl
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 came	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 came	nsubj
4	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Unfair	conj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 doves	case
6	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 doves	compound
7	doves	dove	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 came	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 lived	cc
9	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 lived	aux
10	lived	live	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 people	case
12	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 lived	obl
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 thousands	case
14	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 lived	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 years	case
16	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 thousands	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	they			cliff doves			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from dove=Initial_Location
2	live	present · perfect						with people; for thousands of years	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with people=Location

Option 3

Right, pigeons are a kind of rat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Right	right	INTJ	_	6 kind	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Right	punct
3	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kind	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 kind	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 kind	det
6	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 rat	case
8	rat	rat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	pigeons	a kind				of rat	tree rules

Option 4

Right, pigeons carry every illness there is and are the dirtiest animals in any town

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Right	right	INTJ	_	4 carry	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Right	punct
3	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carry	nsubj
4	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 illness	det
6	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	obj
7	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	8 is	expl
8	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 illness	acl:relcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 animals	cc
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 animals	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 animals	det
12	dirtiest	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 animals	amod
13	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carry	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 town	case
15	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	16 town	det
16	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	carry	present	pigeons	every illness	any town	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent illness=Value in town=Location
2	be	present	every illness not said here		there	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is a	present	pigeons not said here	the dirtiest animals		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/t3/