Exam question 2 · Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term seagull?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: term seagull

This is exam question 2 of lesson 223 «Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 seagull	det
10	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 seagull	compound
11	seagull	seagull	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the term seagull				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is a popular name applied to numerous species of gull, many of which reside inland

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 name	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 name	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 name	det
4	popular	popular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 name	amod
5	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 name	acl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 species	case
8	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 species	amod
9	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 applied	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 gull	case
11	gull	gull	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 species	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 reside	punct
13	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 reside	nsubj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 which	case
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 many	nmod
16	reside	reside	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 name	conj
17	inland	inland	ADV	_	16 reside	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a popular name		tree rules
2	apply	participle		a popular name not said here	to numerous species of gull	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	reside	present	many		inland property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It is the name of a hybrid between a gull and a pigeon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 name	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 name	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 name	det
4	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 hybrid	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 hybrid	det
7	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 name	nmod
8	between	between	ADP	_	10 gull	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 gull	det
10	gull	gull	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hybrid	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 pigeon	cc
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 pigeon	det
13	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 name	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the name and a pigeon				of a hybrid between a gull	tree rules

Option 3

It refers only to the young of the herring gull

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 refers	nsubj
2	refers	refer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 young	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 young	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 young	det
6	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 refers	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 gull	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 gull	det
9	herring	herring	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 gull	compound
10	gull	gull	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 young	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refer	present	It	the young of the herring gull					vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent young=Theme

Option 4

It is the scientific name of one species confined to the open ocean

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 name	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 name	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 name	det
4	scientific	scientific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 name	amod
5	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 species	case
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 species	nummod
8	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 name	nmod
9	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 species	acl
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 ocean	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ocean	det
12	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 ocean	amod
13	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the scientific name				of one species	tree rules
2	confine	participle		one species not said here		the open ocean			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to ocean=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water/e2/