Test 7 · ★ · Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water

A boy sees a brown speckled gull next to a grey and white one and says they are different birds. What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, they · What happens: see, speckle, say, be · To what, where: brown speckled gull, grey one, different birds · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 223 «Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy sees a brown speckled gull next to a grey and white one and says they are different birds.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sees	nsubj
3	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 gull	det
5	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 gull	amod
6	speckled	speckle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 gull	amod
7	gull	gull	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sees	obj
8	next	next	ADV	_	14 one	advmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	14 one	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 one	det
11	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 one	amod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 white	cc
13	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 grey	conj
14	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sees	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 says	cc
16	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sees	conj
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 birds	nsubj
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 birds	cop
19	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 birds	amod
20	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 says	ccomp
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sees	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	see	present	a boy	a brown speckled gull	a grey one	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gull=Stimulus
2	speckle	participle				vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	say speech: assert	present	a boy not said here			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is a	present	they	different birds		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He is right, brown gulls never turn grey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 turn	punct
5	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 gulls	amod
6	gulls	gull	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 turn	nsubj
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 turn	advmod
8	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
9	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 turn	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	not turn	present	brown gulls					grey property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The brown one has been in a fire and its feathers got burnt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 one	det
2	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	amod
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fire	nsubj
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fire	aux
5	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 fire	cop
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 fire	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fire	det
8	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 feathers	cc
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 feathers	nmod:poss
11	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 fire	conj
12	got	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 burnt	aux:pass
13	burnt	burnt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 fire	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · perfect	the brown one			a fire and its feathers			tree rules
2	burnt	past · passive							tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The brown one is probably a young gull of the same kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 one	det
2	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	amod
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gull	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 gull	cop
5	probably	probably	ADV	_	8 gull	advmod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 gull	det
7	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 gull	amod
8	gull	gull	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 kind	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 kind	det
11	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 kind	amod
12	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gull	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the brown one	a young gull				of the same kind; probably property	tree rules

Option 4

The grey one is a pigeon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 one	det
2	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	amod
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pigeon	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 pigeon	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pigeon	det
6	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the grey one	a pigeon					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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