Exam question 2 · Kindness to wild animals

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard to wildlife presented by discarded fishing line?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, present, discard · To what, where: hazard, wildlife

This is exam question 2 of lesson 226 «Kindness to wild animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hazard	det
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 wildlife	case
12	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
13	presented	present	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 wildlife	acl
14	by	by	ADP	_	17 line	case
15	discarded	discard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 line	amod
16	fishing	fishing	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 line	compound
17	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 presented	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the hazard	of the following statements; to wildlife; accurately property	tree rules
3	present	participle	wildlife not said here	by discarded fishing line	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	discard	participle			vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The growth of bankside vegetation is thereby prevented

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 growth	det
2	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 prevented	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 vegetation	case
4	bankside	bankside	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 vegetation	compound
5	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 growth	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 prevented	aux:pass
7	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	8 prevented	advmod
8	prevented	prevent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	present · passive		the growth of bankside vegetation				thereby property	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	grow		bankside vegetation						nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

Fish are permanently deterred from the watercourse in which the line lies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 deterred	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 deterred	aux:pass
3	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	4 deterred	advmod
4	deterred	deter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 watercourse	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 watercourse	det
7	watercourse	watercourse	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 deterred	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 lies	obl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 line	det
11	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lies	nsubj
12	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 watercourse	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deter	present · passive		Fish		the watercourse		permanently property	vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: subject=Beneficiary from watercourse=Eventuality
2	lie	present	the line			the watercourse			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in which=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Birds such as swans and ducks may become entangled and sustain injury

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 become	nsubj
2	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	4 swans	case
3	as	as	ADP	_	2 such	fixed
4	swans	swan	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Birds	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 ducks	cc
6	ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swans	conj
7	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 become	aux
8	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	entangled	entangled	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 become	xcomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 sustain	cc
11	sustain	sustain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 become	conj
12	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sustain	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	may	Birds such swans and ducks					entangled property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	sustain	present	Birds such swans and ducks not said here	injury					vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent injury=Theme

Option 4

The water is contaminated by dyes released from the line

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 contaminated	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 contaminated	aux:pass
4	contaminated	contaminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 dyes	case
6	dyes	dye	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 contaminated	obl
7	released	release	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 dyes	acl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 line	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 line	det
10	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 released	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contaminate	present · passive	dyes	the water					vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination
2	release	participle		dyes not said here		the line			vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/226-kindness-to-wild-animals/e2/