Exam question 2 · Cartoon pets and animal myths put right

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the widely circulated depiction of lemmings leaping from cliffs?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: lemmings · What happens: follow, characteris, circulate, leap, depict · To what, where: circulated depiction, cliffs, lemmings

This is exam question 2 of lesson 228 «Cartoon pets and animal myths put right» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 depiction	det
10	widely	widely	ADV	_	11 circulated	advmod
11	circulated	circulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 depiction	amod
12	depiction	depiction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 lemmings	case
14	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 depiction	nmod
15	leaping	leap	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 lemmings	acl
16	from	from	ADP	_	17 cliffs	case
17	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 leaping	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the circulated depiction of lemmings		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	circulate	participle				widely property	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	leap	gerund	lemmings not said here		cliffs		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from cliff=Trajectory
5	depict			lemmings			nom depiction «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It was staged for a film made in 1958

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 staged	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 staged	aux:pass
3	staged	stage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 film	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 film	det
6	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 staged	obl
7	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 film	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 1958	case
9	1958	1958	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stage	past · passive		It				for a film	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for film=Beneficiary
2	make	participle		a film not said here		1958			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 2

It is observed annually in every lemming population

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 observed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 observed	aux:pass
3	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	annually	annually	ADV	_	3 observed	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 population	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 population	det
7	lemming	lemming	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 population	compound
8	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 observed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	present · passive		It		every lemming population		annually property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

Option 3

It is a method by which lemmings migrate southward

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 method	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 method	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 method	det
4	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 migrate	obl
7	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 migrate	nsubj
8	migrate	migrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 method	acl:relcl
9	southward	southward	ADV	_	8 migrate	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a method					tree rules
2	migrate	present	lemmings					by a method; southward property	tree rules

Option 4

It records a regular act of deliberate self-destruction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 records	nsubj
2	records	record	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 act	det
4	regular	regular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 act	amod
5	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 records	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 destruction	case
7	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 destruction	amod
8	self	self	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 destruction	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 self	punct
10	destruction	destruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 act	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	record	present	It	a regular act of deliberate self destruction					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent act=Theme
2	act		deliberate self destruction						nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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