Test 4 · ★★ · Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, s…

What would happen if a dolphin's lower jaw could not pass sound?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: lower jaw · What happens: happen, not pass · To what, where: sound

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 230 «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	12 pass	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 dolphin	det
6	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 jaw	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 dolphin	case
8	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 jaw	amod
9	jaw	jaw	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pass	nsubj
10	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 pass	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 pass	advmod
12	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 happen	advcl
13	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pass	obj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not pass a condition, not said to happen	could	a dolphin's lower jaw	sound					vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sound=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It would hear its echoes badly and find food harder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hear	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 hear	aux
3	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 echoes	nmod:poss
5	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hear	obj
6	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 hear	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 find	cc
8	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hear	conj
9	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 find	obj
10	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 find	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	would	It	its echoes				badly property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus
2	find	present		food				hard property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic

Option 2

It could no longer breathe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 breathe	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 breathe	aux
3	no	no	ADV	_	4 longer	advmod
4	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 breathe	advmod
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	could	It					long property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Nothing, because dolphins hear only through their tails

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 hear	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	5 hear	mark
4	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hear	nsubj
5	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Nothing	parataxis
6	only	only	ADV	_	9 tails	advmod
7	through	through	ADP	_	9 tails	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 tails	nmod:poss
9	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hear	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	present	dolphins	dolphins's tails					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer tail=Stimulus

Option 4

It would swim backwards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 swim	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 swim	aux
3	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	3 swim	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	would	It					backwards property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/t4/