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Test 9 · ★★ · Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, s…

A friend says people invented echolocation with sonar. What is wrong with that?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, people · What happens: say, invent, be · To what, where: echolocation · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 230 «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend says people invented echolocation with sonar.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 invented	nsubj
5	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
6	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 invented	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 sonar	case
8	sonar	sonar	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 invented	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent	past	people	echolocation				with sonar	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echolocation=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong with that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 that	case
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 wrong	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						with that; wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing, only people use it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 use	punct
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 people	advmod
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 use	nsubj
5	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Nothing	acl:relcl
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 use	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	people	it					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Bats and dolphins used it for tens of millions of years before us

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 used	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 dolphins	cc
3	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Bats	conj
4	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 tens	case
7	tens	ten	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 used	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 millions	case
9	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 tens	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 years	case
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 millions	nmod
12	before	before	ADP	_	13 us	case
13	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	Bats and dolphins	it			before us	for tens of millions of years	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent it=Theme for ten=Eventuality

Option 3

Sonar was copied from fish that talk to each other on the coral reefs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sonar	sonar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 copied	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 copied	aux:pass
3	copied	copy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 fish	case
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copied	obl
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 talk	nsubj
7	talk	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fish	acl:relcl
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 each	case
9	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	7 talk	obl
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 each	fixed
11	on	on	ADP	_	14 reefs	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 reefs	det
13	coral	coral	NOUN	_	14 reefs	compound
14	reefs	reef	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 talk	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	past · passive		Sonar				from fish	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	talk	present	fish			the coral reefs		to each	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent

Option 4

Sonar uses light, not sound

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sonar	sonar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 sound	punct
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 sound	advmod
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 light	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Sonar	light and sound					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/t9/