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Test 10 · ★★ · Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver

An octopus kept squirting water at a bright lamp until it short-circuited. What does this suggest?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: octopus, this · What happens: keep, squirt, circuit, suggest · To what, where: squirting water, bright lamp

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 234 «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An octopus kept squirting water at a bright lamp until it short-circuited.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kept	nsubj
3	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	squirting	squirt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 water	amod
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kept	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 lamp	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 lamp	det
8	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lamp	amod
9	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kept	obl
10	until	until	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 kept	obl
12	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 circuited	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 short	punct
14	circuited	circuit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 kept	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 kept	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	past	a octopus	squirting water		a bright lamp	until lamp		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme at lamp=Location
2	squirt	gerund							vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
3	circuit	participle	a octopus not said here						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does this suggest?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 suggest	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 suggest	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 suggest	nsubj
4	suggest	suggest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 suggest	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suggest speech: suggest	present · do-support	this						vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

Octopuses love electricity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Octopuses	octopus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 love	nsubj
2	love	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 love	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	love	present	Octopuses	electricity					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer electricity=Stimulus

Option 2

Octopuses want to drink from the lamps in their tanks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Octopuses	octopus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 want	nsubj
2	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 drink	mark
4	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 want	xcomp
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 lamps	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 lamps	det
7	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 drink	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 tanks	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 tanks	nmod:poss
10	tanks	tank	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 drink	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	Octopuses						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	drink not said to happen	to-infinitive	Octopuses not said here			the lamps		in Octopuses's tanks	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from lamp=Source

Option 3

It was just an accident every time, nothing more than that

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 accident	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 accident	cop
3	just	just	ADV	_	5 accident	advmod
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 accident	det
5	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 time	det
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 accident	obl:unmarked
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 nothing	punct
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 accident	appos
10	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 nothing	amod
11	than	than	ADP	_	12 that	case
12	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a accident			time		tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Octopuses can notice what bothers them and act on it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Octopuses	octopus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 notice	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 notice	aux
3	notice	notice	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 bothers	nsubj
5	bothers	bother	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 notice	ccomp
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 bothers	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 act	cc
8	act	act	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 notice	conj
9	on	on	ADP	_	10 it	case
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 act	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	notice	can	Octopuses						vn see-30.1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	bother	present		Octopuses = octopus					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer
3	act	infinitive	Octopuses not said here			it			vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on it=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver/t10/