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Test 2 · ★★ · Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver

A shark grabs at a mimic octopus, which suddenly looks like a striped sea snake. Why would the shark back off?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: shark, mimic octopus · What happens: grab, look · To what, where: mimic octopus

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 234 «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A shark grabs at a mimic octopus, which suddenly looks like a striped sea snake.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shark	det
2	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grabs	nsubj
3	grabs	grab	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 octopus	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 octopus	det
6	mimic	mimic	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 octopus	compound
7	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grabs	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 looks	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 looks	nsubj
10	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	11 looks	advmod
11	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 octopus	acl:relcl
12	like	like	ADP	_	16 snake	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 snake	det
14	striped	striped	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 snake	amod
15	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 snake	compound
16	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 looks	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 grabs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grab	present	a shark			a mimic octopus			vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	look	present	a mimic octopus					like a striped sea snake; suddenly property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why would the shark back off?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 off	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 off	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 shark	det
4	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 off	nsubj
5	back	back	ADV	_	6 off	advmod
6	off	off	ADV	_	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 off	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Sea snakes are dangerous, so the trick scares it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 snakes	compound
2	snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dangerous	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dangerous	cop
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 scares	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	9 scares	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 trick	det
8	trick	trick	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 scares	nsubj
9	scares	scare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dangerous	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 scares	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Sea snakes					dangerous property	tree rules
2	scare	present	the trick	it					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer

Option 2

Sharks hate the colour of the stripes, so they always swim off

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	nsubj
2	hate	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 colour	det
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hate	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 stripes	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 stripes	det
7	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 colour	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 swim	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 swim	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 swim	nsubj
11	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 swim	advmod
12	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hate	conj
13	off	off	ADP	_	12 swim	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	present	Sharks	the colour of the stripes					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus
2	swim off	present	Sharks = shark					always property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The octopus turned into a real snake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	nsubj
3	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	7 snake	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 snake	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 snake	amod
7	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past	the octopus					into a real snake result	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into snake=Result

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The shark was full anyway

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shark	det
2	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 full	cop
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	anyway	anyway	ADV	_	4 full	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the shark					anyway, full property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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