Test 8 · ★★ · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…
A trainer shows «ball take to hoop», then «hoop take to ball». What does a trained dolphin do?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: trainer, hoop, trained dolphin · What happens: show, take, hoop, train, do · To what, where: ball · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A trainer shows «ball take to hoop», then «hoop take to ball».
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 trainer | det |
| 2 | trainer | trainer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 6 take | punct |
| 5 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 take | compound |
| 6 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 shows | ccomp |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 hoop | mark |
| 8 | hoop | hoop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 take | xcomp |
| 9 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 6 take | punct |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 take | punct |
| 11 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 take | advmod |
| 12 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 14 take | punct |
| 13 | hoop | hoop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 take | nsubj |
| 14 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 shows | parataxis |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 ball | mark |
| 16 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 take | obj |
| 17 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 14 take | punct |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a trainer | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | take in a quote | infinitive | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | ||||||
| 3 | hoop in a quote | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | take in a quote | infinitive | hoop | ball | then | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does a trained dolphin do?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 6 do | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 do | aux |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 dolphin | det |
| 4 | trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 dolphin | amod |
| 5 | dolphin | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 do | nsubj |
| 6 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 do | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | train | participle | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | do | present · do-support | a trained dolphin | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
The options
Option 1
Nothing, the signs are too hard
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nothing | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 signs | det |
| 4 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 hard | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 hard | cop |
| 6 | too | too | ADV | _ | 7 hard | advmod |
| 7 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Nothing | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the signs | hard property | tree rules |
Option 2
Swims away from both, because the two signs mean the opposite
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Swims | swim | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 mean | nsubj |
| 2 | away | away | ADV | _ | 1 Swims | advmod |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 both | case |
| 4 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 away | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 signs | punct |
| 6 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 signs | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 signs | det |
| 8 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 signs | nummod |
| 9 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Swims | conj |
| 10 | mean | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 opposite | det |
| 12 | opposite | opposite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 mean | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Swims and the two signs | the opposite | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic |
Option 3
The same thing both times
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 thing | det |
| 2 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 thing | amod |
| 3 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 times | det |
| 5 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 thing | nmod:unmarked |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Two different things, because word order changes the meaning
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 things | nummod |
| 2 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 things | amod |
| 3 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 changes | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 changes | punct |
| 5 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 8 changes | mark |
| 6 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 order | compound |
| 7 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 changes | nsubj |
| 8 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 meaning | det |
| 10 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 changes | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Two different things | the meaning | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/t8/