Exam question 4 · Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the behaviour of elephants towards the remains of deceased elephants.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, decease · To what, where: response, behaviour

This is exam question 4 of lesson 236 «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 behaviour	det
11	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 elephants	case
13	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 behaviour	nmod
14	towards	towards	ADP	_	16 remains	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 remains	det
16	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	9 concerning	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 elephants	case
18	deceased	decease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 elephants	amod
19	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 remains	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the behaviour of elephants	towards the remains of deceased elephants	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus behaviour=Experiencer
4	decease	participle				vn die-42.4 «NP V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They bury every bone they encounter, whether of their own kind or of any other species whatsoever

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 bury	nsubj
2	bury	bury	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 bone	det
4	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bury	obj
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 encounter	nsubj
6	encounter	encounter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bone	acl:relcl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 kind	punct
8	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	12 kind	mark
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 kind	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 kind	nmod:poss
11	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 kind	amod
12	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bury	obl
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 species	cc
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 species	case
15	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	17 species	det
16	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 species	amod
17	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 kind	nmod
18	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	17 species	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bury	present	They	every bone				of their own kind of any other species	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme
2	encounter	present	they	every bone not said here					vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They touch the bones gently and attend to them more than to the bones of other species

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 touch	nsubj
2	touch	touch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bones	det
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 touch	obj
5	gently	gently	ADV	_	2 touch	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 attend	cc
7	attend	attend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 touch	conj
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 them	case
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 attend	obl
10	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 attend	advmod
11	than	than	ADP	_	14 bones	case
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 bones	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bones	det
14	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 more	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 species	case
16	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 species	amod
17	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 bones	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	touch	present	They	the bones				gently property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bone=Co-Theme
2	attend	infinitive	They not said here		bones = bone				vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to they=Theme

Option 3

They consume the bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consume	nsubj
2	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bones	det
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consume	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	They	the bones					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Asset

Option 4

They avoid all bones without distinction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 avoid	nsubj
2	avoid	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 bones	det
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 avoid	obj
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 distinction	case
6	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 avoid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	present	They	all bones				without distinction	vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent bone=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/e4/