Test 1 · ★★ · Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges
A cartoon ant lifts a whole sandwich. Which is true?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon ant · What happens: lift, be · To what, where: whole sandwich
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 238 «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A cartoon ant lifts a whole sandwich.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 ant | det |
| 2 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ant | compound |
| 3 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lifts | nsubj |
| 4 | lifts | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 sandwich | det |
| 6 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sandwich | amod |
| 7 | sandwich | sandwich | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lifts | obj |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lifts | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | present | a cartoon ant | a whole sandwich | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sandwich=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which is true?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 true | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | true property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Ants are as strong as elephants
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 strong | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 strong | cop |
| 3 | as | as | ADV | _ | 4 strong | advmod |
| 4 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 6 elephants | case |
| 6 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 strong | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Ants | as elephants; strong property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Ants can carry many times their weight, though not a whole sandwich alone
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carry | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 carry | aux |
| 3 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 times | amod |
| 5 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carry | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 weight | nmod:poss |
| 7 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carry | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sandwich | punct |
| 9 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 13 sandwich | mark |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 sandwich | advmod |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 sandwich | det |
| 12 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 sandwich | amod |
| 13 | sandwich | sandwich | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carry | obl |
| 14 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 13 sandwich | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | can | Ants | Ants's weight | time | a whole sandwich obl | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme |
Option 3
Ants are too weak to lift a crumb
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 weak | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 weak | cop |
| 3 | too | too | ADV | _ | 4 weak | advmod |
| 4 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 lift | mark |
| 6 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 weak | advcl |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 crumb | det |
| 8 | crumb | crumb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lift | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Ants | weak property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lift | to-infinitive | Ants not said here | a crumb | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme |
Option 4
Only cartoon ants can carry things; real ants can only drag things along the ground
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 3 ants | advmod |
| 2 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ants | compound |
| 3 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 carry | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 carry | aux |
| 5 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 carry | obj |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 drag | punct |
| 8 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 ants | amod |
| 9 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 drag | nsubj |
| 10 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 drag | aux |
| 11 | only | only | ADV | _ | 12 drag | advmod |
| 12 | drag | drag | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 carry | conj |
| 13 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 drag | obj |
| 14 | along | along | ADP | _ | 16 ground | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 ground | det |
| 16 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 drag | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | can | cartoon ants | things | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | ||||
| 2 | drag | can | real ants | things | along the ground | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/t1/