Test 3 · ★★ · Wolves and teamwork: family packs, the alpha myth and hunt…

A cartoon shows laughing hyenas that only steal from lions. What is more accurate?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon · What happens: show, laugh, steal, be · To what, where: hyenas

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 240 «Wolves and teamwork: family packs, the alpha myth and hunting together» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon shows laughing hyenas that only steal from lions.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 shows	xcomp
5	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 laughing	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 steal	obj
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 steal	advmod
8	steal	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hyenas	acl:relcl
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 lions	case
10	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 steal	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	show	present	a cartoon			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	laugh	gerund	a cartoon not said here	hyenas		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hyena=Theme
3	steal	present		hyenas	from lions	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from lion=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is more accurate?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 accurate	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 accurate	cop
3	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 accurate	advmod
4	accurate	accurate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 accurate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						accurate property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Hyenas are a kind of dog that only eats what lions leave behind on the plain

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kind	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 kind	det
4	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 dog	case
6	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 eats	nsubj
8	only	only	ADV	_	9 eats	advmod
9	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	acl:relcl
10	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 leave	obj
11	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 leave	nsubj
12	leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 eats	ccomp
13	behind	behind	ADV	_	9 eats	advmod
14	on	on	ADP	_	16 plain	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 plain	det
16	plain	plain	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 eats	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Hyenas	a kind		of dog	tree rules
2	eat	present	a kind		the plain	behind property	tree rules
3	leave behind	present	lions				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hyenas hunt most of their own food, and their «laugh» is excitement or stress

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hunt	nsubj
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 hunt	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 food	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 food	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 food	amod
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 most	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 excitement	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 excitement	cc
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 laugh	nmod:poss
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 laugh	punct
12	laugh	laugh	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 excitement	nsubj
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 laugh	punct
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 excitement	cop
15	excitement	excitement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hunt	obl
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 stress	cc
17	stress	stress	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 excitement	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	hunt	present	Hyenas	most of Hyenas's own food	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme
2	is a	present	Hyenas's laugh	excitement or stress	tree rules
3	laugh in a quote		Hyenas = hyena		nom laugh «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Hyenas never hunt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunt	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 hunt	advmod
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hunt	present	Hyenas						vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Hyenas really laugh at jokes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 laugh	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	3 laugh	advmod
3	laugh	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 jokes	case
5	jokes	joke	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 laugh	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	present	Hyenas			jokes			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/240-wolves-and-teamwork-family-packs-the-alpha-myth-and-hunting-together/t3/