Test 6 · Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges

«a beaver chewed through a tree and it fell on him. thick animal» What is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: beaver · What happens: chew, fall, be · To what, where: tree, thick animal · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 242 «Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 chewed	punct
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 beaver	det
3	beaver	beaver	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chewed	nsubj
4	chewed	chew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 tree	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tree	det
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chewed	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 fell	cc
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 fell	nsubj
10	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 chewed	conj
11	on	on	ADP	_	12 him	case
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 fell	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 animal	punct
14	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 animal	amod
15	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fell	obl
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 animal	punct
17	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 true	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 true	cop
19	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fell	parataxis
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 chewed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	chew in a quote	participle	a beaver		a tree		vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	fall in a quote	past	beaver	thick animal		on him = he	tree rules
3	is	present				true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Beavers cannot control well which way a tree falls, so it does sometimes happen

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 control	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 control	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 control	advmod
4	control	control	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 control	advmod
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	7 way	det
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 control	obl:unmarked
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 tree	det
9	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 falls	nsubj
10	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 way	acl:relcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 happen	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	16 happen	advmod
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 happen	nsubj
14	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 happen	aux
15	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	16 happen	advmod
16	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 control	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not control	can	Beavers	which way	well property	vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	fall	present	a tree	which way not said here		vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient way=Result
3	happen	present · do-support	it		sometimes property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Beavers always make trees fall exactly where they want, every single time without fail

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 make	advmod
3	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	obj
5	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 make	xcomp
6	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	7 where	advmod
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	9 want	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 want	nsubj
9	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fall	ccomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 time	punct
11	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	13 time	det
12	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 time	amod
13	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	conj
14	without	without	ADP	_	15 fail	case
15	fail	fail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present	Beavers	trees	without fail; always property	tree rules
2	fall	infinitive	trees not said here			vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	want	present	Beavers = beaver			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 3

It cannot happen because beavers cut only dead trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 happen	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 happen	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 happen	advmod
4	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 cut	mark
6	beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cut	nsubj
7	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 happen	advcl
8	only	only	ADV	_	9 dead	advmod
9	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 trees	amod
10	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cut	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not happen	can	It						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	cut	present	beavers	dead trees					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Product

Option 4

Beavers jump on top of the tree as it falls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 jump	nsubj
2	jump	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 top	case
4	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jump	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 tree	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tree	det
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 top	nmod
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 falls	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 falls	nsubj
10	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 jump	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	present	Beavers			top of the tree			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on top=Trajectory
2	fall	present	tree						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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