Exam question 1 · More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' bed…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the case constructed by the caddis fly larva?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, construct, fly · To what, where: case, larva

This is exam question 1 of lesson 245 «More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 case	det
10	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	constructed	construct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 case	acl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 caddis	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 caddis	det
14	caddis	caddis	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 constructed	obl
15	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 characterises	conj
16	larva	larva	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 fly	obj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the case	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	construct	participle	the case not said here	by the caddis	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	fly	infinitive	larva		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location larva=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

A portable shelter of particles bound with silk, affording protection from predatory fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 shelter	det
2	portable	portable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 shelter	amod
3	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 particles	case
5	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shelter	nmod
6	bound	bind	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 particles	acl
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 silk	case
8	silk	silk	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bound	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 affording	punct
10	affording	afford	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 shelter	conj
11	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 affording	obj
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 fish	case
13	predatory	predatory	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 fish	amod
14	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 affording	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bind	participle		particles not said here				with silk	vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent with silk=Co-Patient
2	afford	gerund		protection				from predatory fish	tree rules

Option 2

A structure of wax secreted from the abdomen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 structure	det
2	structure	structure	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 wax	case
4	wax	wax	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 structure	nmod
5	secreted	secrete	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 structure	acl
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 abdomen	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 abdomen	det
8	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 secreted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	secrete	participle		a structure of wax not said here		the abdomen			tree rules

Option 3

A fixed dwelling cemented firmly to the bed of the pond

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bed	det
2	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 bed	nsubj
3	dwelling	dwell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 cemented	nsubj:pass
4	cemented	cement	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 fixed	conj
5	firmly	firmly	ADV	_	8 bed	advmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 bed	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bed	det
8	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 pond	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 pond	det
11	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bed	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	roles by
1	fix	participle	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	dwell	gerund	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	cement	participle · passive	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

A borrowed shell of a deceased snail, enlarged with mud and pebbles gathered from the stream bed

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 shell	det
2	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 shell	amod
3	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 gathered	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 snail	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 snail	det
6	deceased	decease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 snail	amod
7	snail	snail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shell	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 enlarged	punct
9	enlarged	enlarge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 snail	acl
10	with	with	ADP	_	11 mud	case
11	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 enlarged	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 pebbles	cc
13	pebbles	pebble	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 mud	conj
14	gathered	gather	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	from	from	ADP	_	18 bed	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 bed	det
17	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 bed	compound
18	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 gathered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	borrow	participle					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	decease	participle					vn die-42.4 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	enlarge	participle		a deceased snail not said here		with mud and pebbles	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with mud=Instrument
4	gather	past	a borrowed shell of a deceased snail		the stream bed		vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from bed=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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