Test 11 · Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics

«that hedgehog chewed a toad and now he's frothing, is he mad» What is going on?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: hedgehog · What happens: chew, froth, be, go on · To what, where: toad

This is test 11 of lesson 247 «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 chewed	punct
2	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 hedgehog	det
3	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chewed	nsubj
4	chewed	chew	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 toad	det
6	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chewed	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 frothing	cc
8	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 frothing	advmod
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 frothing	nsubj
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 frothing	aux
11	frothing	froth	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 toad	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 mad	punct
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 mad	cop
14	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 mad	nsubj
15	mad	mad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 chewed	parataxis
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 mad	punct
17	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 going	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 going	aux
19	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 chewed	conj
20	on	on	ADP	_	19 going	compound:prt
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 chewed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	chew in a quote	past	that hedgehog	a toad			vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toad=Patient
2	froth in a quote	present · progressive	hedgehog		now		vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is in a quote	present	hedgehog			mad property	tree rules
4	go on	present · progressive					vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is laughing at the toad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 laughing	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 laughing	aux
3	laughing	laugh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 toad	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 toad	det
6	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 laughing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	present · progressive	It					at the toad	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It has rabies for sure

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rabies	rabies	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 sure	case
5	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 has	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	rabies				for sure	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rabies=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is self-anointing, spreading the frothy spit on its spines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 anointing	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 anointing	aux
3	self	self	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 anointing	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 self	punct
5	anointing	anoint	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 spreading	punct
7	spreading	spread	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 anointing	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 spit	det
9	frothy	frothy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 spit	amod
10	spit	spit	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spreading	obj
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 spines	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 spines	nmod:poss
13	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 spreading	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	anoint	present · progressive	It						vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	spread	gerund		the frothy spit		spit's spines			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent spit=Theme on spine=Destination

Option 4

It is blowing bubbles to call its friends over for a toad feast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 blowing	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 blowing	aux
3	blowing	blow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 blowing	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 call	mark
6	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 blowing	advcl
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 friends	nmod:poss
8	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 call	obj
9	over	over	ADV	_	6 call	advmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	13 feast	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 feast	det
12	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 feast	compound
13	feast	feast	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 call	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow	present · progressive	It	bubbles					vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent bubble=Patient
2	call over speech: assert	to-infinitive		its friends				for a toad feast; over property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent friend=Theme for feast=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/t11/