Test 1 · Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of…

«my mate says trees grow by eating the dirt, that's why they need soil innit» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, trees, that · What happens: say, grow, eat, be, need · To what, where: dirt, soil innit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 of lesson 251 «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 mate	nmod:poss
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 grow	nsubj
6	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
7	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 eating	mark
8	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 grow	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dirt	det
10	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 eating	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 why	punct
12	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 why	nsubj
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 why	cop
14	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	16 need	advmod
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 need	nsubj
16	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
17	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 innit	compound
18	innit	innit	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 need	obj
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 need	punct
20	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	22 right	nsubj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 right	cop
22	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 need	parataxis
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	my mate			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	grow in a quote	present	trees			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	eat in a quote	gerund	trees not said here	the dirt		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dirt=Patient
4	is in a quote	present	that		why property	tree rules
5	need in a quote	present	trees = tree	soil innit		tree rules
6	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, a tree is mostly soil packed tightly into wood by the roots

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 soil	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tree	det
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 soil	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 soil	cop
6	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	7 soil	advmod
7	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	packed	pack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 soil	acl
9	tightly	tightly	ADV	_	8 packed	advmod
10	into	into	ADP	_	11 wood	case
11	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 packed	obl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 roots	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 roots	det
14	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 packed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a tree	soil				mostly property	tree rules
2	pack	participle		soil not said here		wood		by the roots; tightly property	vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into wood=Destination

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

No, a tree is made mostly of rainwater

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 made	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tree	det
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	nsubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 made	aux:pass
6	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	9 rainwater	advmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 rainwater	case
9	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		a tree				of rainwater	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No, most of a tree is made from carbon dioxide from the air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	8 made	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 made	punct
3	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 made	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 tree	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 tree	det
6	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 most	nmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 made	aux:pass
8	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 dioxide	case
10	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dioxide	compound
11	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	obl
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 air	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 air	det
14	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		most of a tree		carbon dioxide		from the air	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from dioxide=Material

Option 4

Yes, roots chew the dirt like teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 chew	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 chew	nsubj
4	chew	chew	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dirt	det
6	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chew	obj
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 teeth	case
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 chew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chew	present	roots	the dirt				like teeth	vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dirt=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/t1/