Exam question 1 · Plants deeper: carnivorous plants that count, slip and suck

Identify the principal reason for which a Venus flytrap requires two stimuli of its trigger hairs prior to closure.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Venus flytrap · What happens: identify, require · To what, where: principal reason, two stimuli

This is exam question 1 of lesson 254 «Plants deeper: carnivorous plants that count, slip and suck» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 requires	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 flytrap	det
8	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 flytrap	compound
9	flytrap	flytrap	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 requires	nsubj
10	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
11	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 stimuli	nummod
12	stimuli	stimulus	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 requires	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 hairs	case
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 hairs	nmod:poss
15	trigger	trigger	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hairs	compound
16	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 stimuli	nmod
17	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	19 closure	case
18	to	to	ADP	_	17 prior	fixed
19	closure	closure	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hairs	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	require	present	a Venus flytrap	two stimuli of flytrap's trigger hairs prior closure				for the principal reason	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stimulus=Precondition

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The necessity of warming the trap by sunlight before any movement is possible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 necessity	det
2	necessity	necessity	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 possible	nsubj
3	of	of	SCONJ	_	4 warming	mark
4	warming	warm	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 necessity	acl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 trap	det
6	trap	trap	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 warming	obj
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 sunlight	case
8	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 warming	obl
9	before	before	ADP	_	11 movement	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 movement	det
11	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 warming	obl
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 possible	cop
13	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	warm	gerund	the necessity not said here	the trap			before any movement	by sunlight	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent trap=Patient
2	is	present	the necessity					possible property	tree rules

Option 2

The provision of time for the prey to escape

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 provision	det
2	provision	provision	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 time	case
4	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 provision	nmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 prey	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 prey	det
7	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 provision	nmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 escape	mark
9	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 provision	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	escape	to-infinitive							vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	provide		time					for the prey	nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent for=obl

Option 3

The requirement to attract a second insect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 requirement	det
2	requirement	requirement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 attract	mark
4	attract	attract	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 requirement	acl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 insect	det
6	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 insect	amod
7	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 attract	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attract	to-infinitive		a second insect					vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The avoidance of wasteful closure upon raindrops and other non-living objects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 avoidance	det
2	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 closure	case
4	wasteful	wasteful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 closure	amod
5	closure	closure	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 avoidance	nmod
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 raindrops	case
7	raindrops	raindrop	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 closure	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 objects	cc
9	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 objects	amod
10	non-living	non-living	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 objects	compound
11	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 raindrops	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid			wasteful closure upon raindrops and other non-living objects					nom avoidance «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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