Exam question 2 · The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the mode of action of a vaccine.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, vaccine · What happens: select, establish, concern, act · To what, where: response, mode

This is exam question 2 of lesson 258 «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 mode	det
11	mode	mode	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 action	case
13	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 mode	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 vaccine	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 vaccine	det
16	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 action	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the mode of action of a vaccine		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mode=Experiencer
4	act		a vaccine			nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It destroys every micro-organism within the body upon injection, both harmful and helpful alike, so that the body is clean

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 destroys	nsubj
2	destroys	destroy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 micro-organism	det
4	micro-organism	micro-organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 destroys	obj
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 body	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 destroys	obl
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 injection	case
9	injection	injection	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 destroys	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 harmful	punct
11	both	both	CCONJ	_	12 harmful	cc:preconj
12	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 destroys	parataxis
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 alike	cc
14	helpful	helpful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 alike	amod
15	alike	alike	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 harmful	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 clean	punct
17	so	so	ADV	_	22 clean	advmod
18	that	that	SCONJ	_	22 clean	mark
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 body	det
20	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 clean	nsubj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 clean	cop
22	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 destroys	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	present	It	every micro-organism				within the body; upon injection	vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument micro-organism=Patient
2	is	present	the body					clean property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It presents to the immune system a harmless portion or weakened form of a pathogen, whereby recognition is acquired

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 presents	nsubj
2	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 system	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 system	det
5	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 system	compound
6	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presents	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 portion	det
8	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 portion	amod
9	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presents	obj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 form	cc
11	weakened	weaken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 form	amod
12	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 portion	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 pathogen	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 pathogen	det
15	pathogen	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 form	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 acquired	punct
17	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	20 acquired	advmod
18	recognition	recognition	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 acquired	nsubj:pass
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 acquired	aux:pass
20	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 portion	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	present	present	It	a harmless portion or weakened form of a pathogen	the immune system		vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent portion=Theme to system=Recipient
2	weaken	participle					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	acquire	present · passive		recognition		whereby property	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Theme
4	form			a pathogen			nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It induces the full disease in order that it may pass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 induces	nsubj
2	induces	induce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 disease	det
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 disease	amod
5	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 induces	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 order	case
7	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 induces	obl
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 pass	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 pass	nsubj
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 pass	aux
11	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 order	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	induce	present	It	the full disease		order			vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Patient
2	pass	may	disease	order not said here					vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme order=Trajectory

Option 4

It forms a protective coating upon the surface of each cell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 forms	nsubj
2	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 coating	det
4	protective	protective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 coating	amod
5	coating	coating	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 forms	obj
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 surface	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 surface	det
8	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 coating	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 cell	case
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	11 cell	det
11	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 surface	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	It	a protective coating				upon the surface of each cell	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coating=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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