Test 5 · The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines

In a cartoon, a virus is a green monster with arms that punches cells. What is true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: virus, green monster · What happens: be, punch · To what, where: green monster, cartoon, cells

This is test 5 of lesson 258 «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a virus is a green monster with arms that punches cells.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 monster	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 virus	det
6	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 monster	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 monster	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 monster	det
9	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 monster	amod
10	monster	monster	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 arms	case
12	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 monster	nmod
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 punches	nsubj
14	punches	punch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 monster	acl:relcl
15	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 punches	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 monster	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a virus	a green monster		a cartoon		with arms	tree rules
2	punch	present	a green monster	cells					vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Viruses are always green

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 green	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 green	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 green	advmod
4	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Viruses					always, green property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A real virus has no arms or brain; it sticks to a cell and slips its instructions inside

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 virus	det
2	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 virus	amod
3	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 arms	det
6	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	obj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 brain	cc
8	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 arms	conj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 sticks	punct
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 sticks	nsubj
11	sticks	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 has	parataxis
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 cell	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 cell	det
14	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sticks	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 slips	cc
16	slips	slip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 has	conj
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 instructions	nmod:poss
18	instructions	instruction	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 slips	obj
19	inside	inside	ADV	_	16 slips	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	a real virus	no arms or brain		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
2	stick	present	virus		to a cell	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	slip	present	a real virus not said here	virus's instructions	inside property	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent instruction=Patient
4	instruct		virus			nom instruction «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Viruses chase cells across the body like hungry animals and bite them with their teeth

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chase	nsubj
2	chase	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chase	obj
4	across	across	ADP	_	6 body	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 body	det
6	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chase	obl
7	like	like	ADP	_	9 animals	case
8	hungry	hungry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 animals	amod
9	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chase	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 bite	cc
11	bite	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 chase	conj
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 bite	obj
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 teeth	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 teeth	nmod:poss
15	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 bite	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chase	present	Viruses	cells		the body		like hungry animals	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cell=Theme across body=Trajectory
2	bite	present	Viruses not said here	cells = cell				with Viruses's teeth	vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with tooth=Instrument

Option 4

Real viruses really do have tiny fists

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 viruses	amod
2	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	nsubj
3	really	really	ADV	_	5 have	advmod
4	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 have	aux
5	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 fists	amod
7	fists	fist	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present · do-support	Real viruses	tiny fists					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fist=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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