Exam question 4 · Whales

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the dietary habit of the blue whale.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, dietary habit

This is exam question 4 of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 habit	det
11	dietary	dietary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 habit	amod
12	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 whale	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 whale	det
15	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 whale	amod
16	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 habit	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the dietary habit of the blue whale		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus habit=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It subsists principally upon seaweed gathered from the shallows of the coast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	6 gathered	mark
5	seaweed	seaweed	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gathered	nsubj
6	gathered	gather	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 subsists	ccomp
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 shallows	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 shallows	det
9	shallows	shallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 gathered	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 coast	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 coast	det
12	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shallows	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It					principally property	tree rules
2	gather	past	seaweed			the shallows of the coast			vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from shallow=Source

Option 2

It subsists principally upon seals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 seals	case
5	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 subsists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It					upon seals; principally property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It subsists principally upon large sharks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 sharks	case
5	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sharks	amod
6	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 subsists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It					upon large sharks; principally property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It subsists principally upon krill a few centimetres in length

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 krill	case
5	krill	krill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsists	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 centimetres	det
7	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 centimetres	amod
8	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 subsists	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 length	case
10	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It	a few centimetres		length		upon krill; principally property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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