Test 2 · ★★ · Whales
My little brother says whales are big fish cos they live in the sea. What's the best answer?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: little brother, whales, best answer · What happens: say, be, live · To what, where: big fish, sea · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: My little brother says whales are big fish cos they live in the sea.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 brother | nmod:poss |
| 2 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 brother | amod |
| 3 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fish | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 fish | cop |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 fish | amod |
| 8 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 says | ccomp |
| 9 | cos | cos | SCONJ | _ | 11 live | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 live | nsubj |
| 11 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 says | ccomp |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 sea | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 live | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | My little brother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | whales | big fish | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | live | present | whales = whale | the sea | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What's the best answer?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 answer | det |
| 4 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 answer | amod |
| 5 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the best answer | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, they breathe air and feed babies milk, so they are mammals
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 breathe | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 breathe | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 breathe | nsubj |
| 4 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 breathe | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 feed | cc |
| 7 | feed | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 breathe | conj |
| 8 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 milk | compound |
| 9 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 feed | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 mammals | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 mammals | advmod |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 mammals | nsubj |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 mammals | cop |
| 14 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 breathe | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | present | they | air | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 2 | feed | present | they not said here | babies milk | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | they | mammals | tree rules |
Option 2
Yes, but only the small ones
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 7 ones | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 ones | cc |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 7 ones | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ones | det |
| 6 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ones | amod |
| 7 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
No, they are a kind of shark
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 kind | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 kind | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 kind | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 kind | det |
| 6 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 shark | case |
| 8 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 kind | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | they | a kind | of shark | tree rules |
Option 4
Yes, anything in the sea is a fish
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 3 anything | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 9 fish | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 sea | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sea | det |
| 6 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 anything | nmod |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 fish | cop |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 fish | det |
| 9 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | anything | a fish | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/t2/