Test 5 · ★★ · Whales

What would happen to a whale calf if it were born head first and the birth took a long time?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: birth · What happens: happen, bear, take · To what, where: calf

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 calf	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 calf	det
6	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 calf	compound
7	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 happen	obl
8	if	if	SCONJ	_	11 born	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 born	nsubj:pass
10	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 born	aux:pass
11	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 happen	advcl
12	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 born	xcomp
13	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	11 born	advmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 took	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 birth	det
16	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 took	nsubj
17	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 born	conj
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 time	det
19	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 time	amod
20	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 took	obj
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would				to a whale calf	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	bear a condition, not said to happen	past · passive		calf		first property	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	take	past	the birth		time		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It would breathe through its skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 breathe	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 breathe	aux
3	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 skin	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 skin	nmod:poss
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 breathe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	would	It			its skin			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It might drown before it could breathe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 drown	nsubj
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 drown	aux
3	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	before	before	SCONJ	_	7 breathe	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 breathe	nsubj
6	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 breathe	aux
7	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 drown	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drown	might	It						vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	breathe	could	it						vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It would swim away at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 swim	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 swim	aux
3	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	away	away	ADV	_	3 swim	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 once	case
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 swim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim away	would	It					away property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Trajectory

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing, whale calves can breathe under water for days

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 breathe	punct
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 calves	compound
4	calves	calf	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 breathe	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 breathe	aux
6	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Nothing	conj
7	under	under	ADP	_	8 water	case
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breathe	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 days	case
10	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 breathe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	can	whale calves			water	day		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/t5/