Exam question 3 · The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the protection of the stomach against its own acid?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, protect · To what, where: protection, stomach

This is exam question 3 of lesson 262 «The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 protection	det
10	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 stomach	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 stomach	det
13	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 protection	nmod
14	against	against	ADP	_	17 acid	case
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 acid	nmod:poss
16	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 acid	amod
17	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 stomach	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the protection of the stomach against stomach's own acid	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	protect		the stomach against stomach's own acid		nom protection «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The acid is too weak to affect any tissue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 acid	det
2	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 weak	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 weak	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 weak	advmod
5	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 affect	mark
7	affect	affect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 weak	advcl
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 tissue	det
9	tissue	tissue	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 affect	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the acid					weak property	tree rules
2	affect	to-infinitive	the acid not said here	any tissue					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus tissue=Experiencer

Option 2

The stomach is lined with bone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stomach	det
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lined	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lined	aux:pass
4	lined	line	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 bone	case
6	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	line	present · passive		the stomach				with bone	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with bone=Theme

Option 3

The acid is discharged from the body every hour, before it can cause harm to the stomach

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 acid	det
2	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 discharged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 discharged	aux:pass
4	discharged	discharge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 body	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 discharged	obl
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 hour	det
9	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 discharged	obl:unmarked
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 cause	punct
11	before	before	SCONJ	_	14 cause	mark
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 cause	nsubj
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 cause	aux
14	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 discharged	parataxis
15	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cause	obj
16	to	to	ADP	_	18 stomach	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 stomach	det
18	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cause	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discharge	present · passive		the acid		the body	hour		vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from body=Source
2	cause	can	acid	harm				to the stomach	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A thick layer of mucus covers its wall, and its lining is renewed every few days

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 layer	det
2	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 layer	amod
3	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 covers	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 mucus	case
5	mucus	mucus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 layer	nmod
6	covers	cover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 wall	nmod:poss
8	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 covers	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 renewed	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 renewed	cc
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 lining	nmod:poss
12	lining	lining	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 renewed	nsubj:pass
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 renewed	aux:pass
14	renewed	renew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 covers	parataxis
15	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	17 days	det
16	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 days	amod
17	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 renewed	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	present	a thick layer of mucus	layer's wall					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wall=Destination
2	renew	present · passive		layer's lining			day		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/e3/