Test 1 · The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin

In a cartoon, Tom is flattened like a pancake by a steamroller and pops back into shape a second later. What is true for a real body?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: steamroller · What happens: flatten, pop back, be · To what, where: Tom, cartoon, shape

This is test 1 of lesson 263 «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, Tom is flattened like a pancake by a steamroller and pops back into shape a second later.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 flattened	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 flattened	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 flattened	aux:pass
7	flattened	flatten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 pancake	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 pancake	det
10	pancake	pancake	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 flattened	obl
11	by	by	ADP	_	13 steamroller	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 steamroller	det
13	steamroller	steamroller	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 flattened	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 pops	cc
15	pops	pop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 flattened	conj
16	back	back	ADV	_	15 pops	advmod
17	into	into	ADP	_	18 shape	case
18	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 pops	obl
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 second	det
20	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	21 later	obl:unmarked
21	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	15 pops	advmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 flattened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flatten	present · passive	a steamroller	Tom		a cartoon		like a pancake	vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	pop back	present	a steamroller not said here					into shape result; late property	vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into shape=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true for a real body?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	7 body	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 body	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 body	amod
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						for a real body; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Bodies spring back into shape like rubber, after any squash at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spring	nsubj
2	spring	spring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	back	back	ADV	_	2 spring	advmod
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 shape	case
5	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spring	obl
6	like	like	ADP	_	7 rubber	case
7	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spring	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 squash	punct
9	after	after	ADP	_	11 squash	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 squash	det
11	squash	squash	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spring	obl
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 all	case
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 squash	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spring back	present	Bodies			shape	after any squash at all	like rubber	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into shape=Destination

Option 2

Bones can never break, only bend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 break	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 break	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 break	advmod
4	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 bend	punct
6	only	only	ADV	_	7 bend	advmod
7	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 break	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not break	can	Bones						vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	bend	infinitive	Bones not said here						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Bones can break, and healing takes a doctor, a cast and weeks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 break	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 break	aux
3	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 takes	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 takes	cc
6	healing	healing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 takes	nsubj
7	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 break	advcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 doctor	det
9	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 takes	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 cast	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 cast	det
12	cast	cast	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 doctor	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 weeks	cc
14	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 doctor	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	can	Bones						vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	take	present	healing	a doctor and a cast and weeks					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doctor=Theme

Option 4

Only the skin gets flat, the bones bend back

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 gets	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 skin	det
3	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gets	nsubj
4	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 bend	advcl
5	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gets	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 bend	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bones	det
8	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 bend	nsubj
9	bend	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	back	back	ADV	_	9 bend	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	the skin					flat property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
2	bend back	present	the bones						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/t1/