Test 10 · ★ · The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argenti…

«how does a huge thing like that breathe properly» What helped sauropods breathe?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: that, sauropods · What happens: do, breathe, help · To what, where: huge thing, sauropods · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 266 «The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 does	punct
2	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 does	advmod
3	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 thing	det
5	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 thing	amod
6	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 does	obj
7	like	like	SCONJ	_	9 breathe	mark
8	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 breathe	nsubj
9	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 helped	advcl
10	properly	properly	ADV	_	9 breathe	advmod
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 breathe	punct
12	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 helped	nsubj
13	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 does	parataxis
14	sauropods	sauropod	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 helped	obj
15	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 helped	xcomp
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 does	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	do in a quote	present		a huge thing		tree rules
2	breathe in a quote	present	that		properly property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	help	past		sauropods		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent sauropod=Beneficiary clause=Theme
4	breathe	infinitive	sauropods not said here			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Gills along the neck, like a fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	along	along	ADP	_	4 neck	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 neck	det
4	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Gills	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 fish	punct
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 fish	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fish	det
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Gills	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

A big blowhole on top of the head, like a whale

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 blowhole	det
2	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 blowhole	amod
3	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 top	case
5	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blowhole	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 head	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 head	det
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 top	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 whale	punct
10	like	like	ADP	_	12 whale	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 whale	det
12	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blowhole	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Breathing only through the skin, like a frog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breathing	breathe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	only	only	ADV	_	5 skin	advmod
3	through	through	ADP	_	5 skin	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 skin	det
5	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Breathing	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 frog	punct
7	like	like	ADP	_	9 frog	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 frog	det
9	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Breathing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	gerund		the skin				like a frog	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Air sacs linked to the bones, like a bird's

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sacs	compound
2	sacs	sac	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	linked	link	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 sacs	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 bones	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bones	det
6	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 linked	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 bird	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 bird	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bird	det
10	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sacs	nmod
11	's	's	PART	_	10 bird	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	link	participle		Air sacs like a bird not said here				to the bones	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to bone=Co-Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods/t10/