Test 8 · ★ · The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argenti…

Why might some scientists think many sauropods kept their necks fairly level?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: scientists, many sauropods · What happens: think, keep · To what, where: necks · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 266 «The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 think	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 think	aux
3	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	4 scientists	det
4	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 think	nsubj
5	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sauropods	amod
7	sauropods	sauropod	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 kept	nsubj
8	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 think	ccomp
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 necks	nmod:poss
10	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 kept	obj
11	fairly	fairly	ADV	_	12 level	advmod
12	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 kept	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 think	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	might	some scientists						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	keep	past	many sauropods	sauropods's necks				level obl	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Lifting the head high makes the heart work very hard

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lifting	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 makes	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 head	det
3	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Lifting	obj
4	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Lifting	xcomp
5	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 work	det
7	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 work	compound
8	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	obj
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 hard	advmod
10	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 makes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	gerund		the head				high property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme
2	make	present	Lifting	the heart work				hard property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset work=Product

Option 2

They were afraid of the birds flying above the trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 afraid	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 afraid	cop
3	afraid	afraid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 birds	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 birds	det
6	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 afraid	obl
7	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 birds	acl
8	above	above	ADP	_	10 trees	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 trees	det
10	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 flying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	They					of the birds; afraid property	tree rules
2	fly	gerund	the birds not said here			the trees			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above tree=Location

Option 3

Their necks were far too short to lift up high at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 necks	nmod:poss
2	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 short	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 short	cop
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 short	advmod
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 short	advmod
6	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 lift	mark
8	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 short	advcl
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 lift	compound:prt
10	high	high	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 lift	advmod
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 lift	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Their necks					far, short property	tree rules
2	lift up	to-infinitive	Their necks not said here			all		high property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at all=Destination

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

They were always bending down to look for water to drink

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 bending	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 bending	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 bending	advmod
4	bending	bend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	down	down	ADV	_	4 bending	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 look	mark
7	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 bending	advcl
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 look	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 drink	mark
11	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 look	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	bend down	past · progressive	They	always, down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	look	to-infinitive	They not said here	for water	tree rules
3	drink	to-infinitive	They not said here		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods/t8/