Exam question 2 · Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus,…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the purported second brain of Stegosaurus.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, purport · To what, where: response, purported second brain

This is exam question 2 of lesson 267 «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 brain	det
11	purported	purport	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 brain	amod
12	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 brain	amod
13	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 Stegosaurus	case
15	Stegosaurus	Stegosaurus	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 brain	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the purported second brain of Stegosaurus		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus brain=Experiencer
4	purport	participle				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is confirmed that the animal possessed no brain whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confirmed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confirmed	aux:pass
3	confirmed	confirm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 possessed	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessed	nsubj
7	possessed	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 confirmed	advcl
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 brain	det
9	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessed	obj
10	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	7 possessed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confirm	present · passive		It					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	possess	past	the animal	no brain				whatsoever property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot brain=Theme

Option 2

It is confirmed that the animal possessed two brains of equal size

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confirmed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confirmed	aux:pass
3	confirmed	confirm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 possessed	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessed	nsubj
7	possessed	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 confirmed	advcl
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 brains	nummod
9	brains	brain	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 possessed	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 size	case
11	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 size	amod
12	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 brains	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confirm	present · passive		It					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	possess	past	the animal	two brains of equal size					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot brain=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is a discredited notion; the cavity in the hip accommodated nerves and possibly stored tissue

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 notion	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 notion	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 notion	det
4	discredited	discredit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 notion	amod
5	notion	notion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 accommodated	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cavity	det
8	cavity	cavity	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 accommodated	nsubj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 hip	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hip	det
11	hip	hip	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cavity	nmod
12	accommodated	accommodate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 notion	conj
13	nerves	nerve	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 accommodated	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 stored	cc
15	possibly	possibly	ADV	_	16 stored	advmod
16	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 accommodated	conj
17	tissue	tissue	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 stored	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	discredit	participle				tree rules
2	is a	present	It	a discredited notion		tree rules
3	accommodate	past	the cavity in the hip	nerves		vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nerve=Patient
4	store	participle	the cavity in the hip not said here	tissue	possibly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tissue=Theme

Option 4

It is confirmed that the second brain exceeded the first in size

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confirmed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confirmed	aux:pass
3	confirmed	confirm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 exceeded	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 brain	det
6	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 brain	amod
7	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 exceeded	nsubj
8	exceeded	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 confirmed	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 first	det
10	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 exceeded	obl:unmarked
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 size	case
12	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 exceeded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confirm	present · passive		It					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	exceed	past	the second brain	the first				in size	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in size=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/e2/