Test 9 · Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus,…

Why do Pachycephalosaurus domes with healed injuries matter?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: do, heal · To what, where: Pachycephalosaurus domes

This is test 9 of lesson 267 «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Pachycephalosaurus	Pachycephalosaurus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 domes	compound
4	domes	dome	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 do	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 injuries	case
6	healed	heal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 injuries	amod
7	injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 domes	nmod
8	matter	mat	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 do	xcomp
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present		Pachycephalosaurus domes				with healed injuries; mat property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dome=Eventuality
2	heal	participle							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They show that it chewed and swallowed rocks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 show	nsubj
2	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 chewed	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 chewed	nsubj
5	chewed	chew	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 show	ccomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 swallowed	cc
7	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 chewed	conj
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 swallowed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	show	present	They		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	chew	past	it		vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	swallow	past		rocks	vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Patient

Option 2

They show it had no proper skull at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 show	nsubj
2	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 show	ccomp
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 skull	det
6	proper	proper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 skull	amod
7	skull	skull	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	They						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	past	it	no proper skull		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skull=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They support the idea that they head-butted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 support	nsubj
2	support	support	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 idea	det
4	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 support	obj
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 butted	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 butted	nsubj
7	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 butted	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 head	punct
9	butted	butt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 support	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	support	present	They	the idea					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer idea=Stimulus
2	butt	participle	they						vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme

Option 4

They prove that it could fly up into the trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 prove	nsubj
2	prove	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 fly	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 fly	nsubj
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 fly	aux
6	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 prove	ccomp
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 fly	compound:prt
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 trees	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 trees	det
10	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	They						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	fly up	could	it					into the trees result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into tree=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/t9/