Exam question 3 · Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film m…

Ascertain the reason for which the designation Oviraptor, signifying «egg thief», is regarded as inaccurate.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Oviraptor · What happens: ascertain, signify, regard · To what, where: reason, egg thief, Oviraptor

This is exam question 3 of lesson 268 «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 regarded	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Oviraptor	det
7	designation	designation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Oviraptor	nmod:desc
8	Oviraptor	Oviraptor	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 regarded	nsubj:pass
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 signifying	punct
10	signifying	signify	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 Oviraptor	acl
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 thief	punct
12	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 thief	compound
13	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 signifying	obj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 thief	punct
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Oviraptor	punct
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 regarded	aux:pass
17	regarded	regard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
18	as	as	ADP	_	19 inaccurate	case
19	inaccurate	inaccurate	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 regarded	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	signify	gerund	the Oviraptor designation not said here	egg thief		vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thief=Theme
3	regard	present · passive		the Oviraptor designation	for the reason; as inaccurate	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for which=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The animal was shown to have fed solely upon leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shown	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 shown	aux:pass
4	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 fed	mark
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 fed	aux
7	fed	feed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 shown	xcomp
8	solely	solely	ADV	_	7 fed	advmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 leaves	case
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past · passive		the animal					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	feed	to-infinitive · perfect						upon leaves; solely property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The animal was shown to be aquatic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shown	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 shown	aux:pass
4	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 aquatic	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 aquatic	cop
7	aquatic	aquatic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 shown	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past · passive		the animal					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
2	is	to-infinitive						aquatic property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The animal was subsequently shown to be brooding its own eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shown	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 shown	aux:pass
4	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	5 shown	advmod
5	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	8 brooding	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 brooding	aux
8	brooding	brood	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 shown	advcl
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 eggs	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 eggs	amod
11	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 brooding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past · passive		the animal				subsequently property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
2	brood	to-infinitive · progressive		animal's own eggs					tree rules

Option 4

The animal was shown never to have laid eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shown	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 shown	aux:pass
4	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 laid	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	8 laid	mark
7	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 laid	aux
8	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 eggs	amod
9	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shown	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past · passive		the animal					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient egg=Topic
2	not lay	to-infinitive · perfect							vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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