Test 11 · ★★ · Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film m…

How do scientists know the colour of Microraptor's feathers?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: scientists · What happens: know · To what, where: colour

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 268 «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 know	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 know	aux
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 know	nsubj
4	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 colour	det
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 know	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 feathers	case
8	Microraptor	Microraptor	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 feathers	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 Microraptor	case
10	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 colour	nmod
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 know	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present · do-support	scientists	the colour of Microraptor's feathers					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

From the colour of the rock that the fossil lay in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 colour	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 colour	det
3	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lay	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 rock	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rock	det
6	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 colour	nmod
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 lay	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 fossil	det
9	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lay	nsubj
10	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	in	in	ADV	_	10 lay	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie in	past	the fossil			the colour of the rock			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They just guessed it from an old cartoon on the television

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 guessed	nsubj
2	just	just	ADV	_	3 guessed	advmod
3	guessed	guess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 guessed	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 cartoon	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cartoon	det
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 cartoon	amod
8	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guessed	obl
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 television	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 television	det
11	television	television	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guessed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	guess	past	They	it		a old cartoon		on the television	vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 3

From a photo that someone took of it at the time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 photo	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 photo	det
3	photo	photo	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 took	nsubj
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 took	nsubj
6	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 photo	acl:relcl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 took	obl
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 time	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 time	det
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 took	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	a photo				time	of photo	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent of it=Initial_Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

From tiny shapes in the fossil feathers that hold colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 shapes	case
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 shapes	amod
3	shapes	shape	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 feathers	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 feathers	det
6	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 feathers	compound
7	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shapes	nmod
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 hold	nsubj
9	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 feathers	acl:relcl
10	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hold	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	the fossil feathers	colour					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/t11/