Exam question 2 · Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning Archaeopteryx.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, Archaeopteryx

This is exam question 2 of lesson 269 «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	Archaeopteryx		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus archaeopteryx=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It possessed neither feathers nor wings, and is classified among the lizards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possessed	nsubj
2	possessed	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	4 feathers	det
4	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possessed	obj
5	nor	nor	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	6 wings	cc
6	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 feathers	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 classified	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 classified	cc
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 classified	aux:pass
10	classified	classify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 possessed	conj
11	among	among	ADP	_	13 lizards	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 lizards	det
13	lizards	lizard	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 classified	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	past	It	neither feathers nor wings					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot feather=Theme
2	classify	present · passive						among the lizards	vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»

Option 2

It was discovered in China in the present century, preserved in amber

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 discovered	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 discovered	aux:pass
3	discovered	discover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 China	case
5	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 discovered	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 century	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 century	det
8	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 century	amod
9	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 discovered	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 preserved	punct
11	preserved	preserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 discovered	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 amber	case
13	amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 preserved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discover	past · passive		It		China	century		vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	preserve	participle				amber			vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It was a mammal resembling a bat, with wings formed of skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 mammal	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 mammal	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 mammal	det
4	mammal	mammal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	resembling	resemble	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 mammal	acl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bat	det
7	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 resembling	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 wings	punct
9	with	with	ADP	_	10 wings	case
10	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 mammal	nmod
11	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 wings	acl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 skin	case
13	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 formed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a mammal	with wings	tree rules
2	resemble	gerund	a mammal not said here	a bat		tree rules
3	form	participle		wings not said here	of skin	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It combined feathered wings with teeth, clawed fingers and a long bony tail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 combined	nsubj
2	combined	combine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	feathered	feathered	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 wings	amod
4	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 combined	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 teeth	case
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 combined	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 clawed	punct
8	clawed	claw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 combined	parataxis
9	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 clawed	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 tail	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 tail	det
12	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 tail	amod
13	bony	bony	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 tail	amod
14	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fingers	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	combine	past	It	feathered wings				with teeth	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent wing=Patient with tooth=Co-Patient
2	claw	past		fingers and a long bony tail					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/e2/