Test 4 · ★ · Dolphins, porpoises and seals

My mate says porpoises are just baby dolphins. What do you say?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, porpoises, you · What happens: say, be · To what, where: baby dolphins · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 27 «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: My mate says porpoises are just baby dolphins.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	porpoises	porpoise	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 dolphins	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 dolphins	cop
6	just	just	ADV	_	8 dolphins	advmod
7	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dolphins	compound
8	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 says	ccomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	My mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	porpoises	baby dolphins					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do you say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 say	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 say	nsubj
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · do-support	you						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

No, they are a separate group with rounded heads and spade-shaped teeth

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 group	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 group	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 group	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 group	det
6	separate	separate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 group	amod
7	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 heads	case
9	rounded	round	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 heads	amod
10	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 group	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 teeth	cc
12	spade	spade	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shaped	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 spade	punct
14	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 teeth	amod
15	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 heads	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	they	a separate group	with rounded heads and shaped teeth	tree rules
2	round	participle				vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	shape	participle				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 2

No, porpoises are a kind of fish that look a lot like dolphins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 kind	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	porpoises	porpoise	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kind	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 kind	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 kind	det
6	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 fish	case
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kind	nmod
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 look	nsubj
10	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 kind	acl:relcl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 lot	det
12	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 look	obj
13	like	like	ADP	_	14 dolphins	case
14	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 look	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	porpoises	a kind				of fish	tree rules
2	look	present	a kind	a lot				like dolphins	vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lot=Attribute

Option 3

Yes, but only the grey ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 ones	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 ones	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 ones	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ones	det
6	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ones	amod
7	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, they grow into dolphins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 grow	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 grow	nsubj
4	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 dolphins	case
6	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	they					into dolphins result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into dolphin=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/t4/