Exam question 4 · Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs a…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Mary Anning?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, contribute · To what, where: contribution, Mary Anning

This is exam question 4 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 contribution	det
10	contribution	contribution	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 Anning	case
12	Mary	Mary	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Anning	compound
13	Anning	Anning	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 contribution	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the contribution of Mary Anning	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	contribute		Mary Anning		nom contribution «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

She discovered the first complete ichthyosaur in childhood and became an accomplished collector of fossils

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 discovered	nsubj
2	discovered	discover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ichthyosaur	det
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 ichthyosaur	amod
5	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ichthyosaur	amod
6	ichthyosaur	ichthyosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 discovered	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 childhood	case
8	childhood	childhood	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ichthyosaur	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 became	cc
10	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 discovered	conj
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 collector	det
12	accomplished	accomplish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 collector	amod
13	collector	collector	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 became	xcomp
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 fossils	case
15	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 collector	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	discover	past	She	the first complete ichthyosaur	childhood	vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ichthyosaur=Topic
2	become	past	She not said here	a accomplished collector of fossils		vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
3	accomplish	participle				vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 2

She disproved the existence of extinct animals by showing that all fossils belonged to living kinds

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 disproved	nsubj
2	disproved	disprove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 existence	det
4	existence	existence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 disproved	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 animals	case
6	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 animals	amod
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 existence	nmod
8	by	by	SCONJ	_	9 showing	mark
9	showing	show	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 disproved	advcl
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 belonged	mark
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 fossils	det
12	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 belonged	nsubj
13	belonged	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 disproved	advcl
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 kinds	case
15	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 kinds	amod
16	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 belonged	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	disprove	past	She	the existence of extinct animals		vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent existence=Theme
2	show	gerund	She not said here			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	belong	past	all fossils		to living kinds	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
4	exist		extinct animals			nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

She was the first to describe Tyrannosaurus rex, from bones she found herself upon the coast of Dorset in England

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 first	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 first	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 first	det
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 describe	mark
6	describe	describe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 first	acl
7	Tyrannosaurus	Tyrannosaurus	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 rex	compound
8	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describe	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 found	punct
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 bones	case
11	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 found	obl
12	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 found	nsubj
13	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 first	parataxis
14	herself	herself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	13 found	obj
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 coast	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 coast	det
17	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 found	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 Dorset	case
19	Dorset	Dorset	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 coast	nmod
20	in	in	ADP	_	21 England	case
21	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Dorset	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	She			first property	tree rules
2	describe	to-infinitive		Tyrannosaurus rex			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent rex=Theme
3	find	past	she	herself = she	bones	upon the coast of Dorset in England	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent herself=Theme from bone=Source

Option 4

She was the first person to fly an aircraft over the cliffs of Dorset

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 person	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 person	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 person	det
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 person	amod
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 fly	mark
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 person	acl
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 aircraft	det
9	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fly	obj
10	over	over	ADP	_	12 cliffs	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 cliffs	det
12	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fly	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 Dorset	case
14	Dorset	Dorset	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 cliffs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	She	the first person					tree rules
2	fly	to-infinitive		a aircraft		the cliffs of Dorset			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent aircraft=Theme over cliff=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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