Test 1 · Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs a…
«a pterodactyl is a flying dinosaur, everyone knows that» What is right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: pterodactyl, everyone · What happens: fly, be, know · To what, where: flying dinosaur · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 7 dinosaur | punct |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 pterodactyl | det |
| 3 | pterodactyl | pterodactyl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 dinosaur | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 dinosaur | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 dinosaur | det |
| 6 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 dinosaur | amod |
| 7 | dinosaur | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 knows | punct |
| 9 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 10 knows | nsubj |
| 10 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 dinosaur | acl:relcl |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 knows | obj |
| 12 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 10 knows | punct |
| 13 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 15 right | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 right | cop |
| 15 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 knows | ccomp |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 dinosaur | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly in a quote | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | a pterodactyl | a flying dinosaur | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | know in a quote | present | everyone | a flying dinosaur | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is | present | right property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, pterosaurs were flying reptiles, not dinosaurs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 reptiles | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | pterosaurs | pterosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 reptiles | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 reptiles | cop |
| 5 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 reptiles | amod |
| 6 | reptiles | reptile | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 dinosaurs | punct |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 dinosaurs | advmod |
| 9 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 reptiles | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is a | past | pterosaurs | flying reptiles and dinosaurs | tree rules |
Option 2
Yes, it was the very biggest flying dinosaur of all
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 9 dinosaur | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 dinosaur | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 dinosaur | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 dinosaur | det |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 biggest | advmod |
| 7 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 9 dinosaur | amod |
| 8 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 dinosaur | amod |
| 9 | dinosaur | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 all | case |
| 11 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 dinosaur | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is a | past | it | the biggest flying dinosaur | of all | tree rules |
Option 3
No, it was really a big bat, a furry mammal
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 8 bat | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 bat | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 bat | cop |
| 5 | really | really | ADV | _ | 8 bat | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 bat | det |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 bat | amod |
| 8 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 mammal | punct |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 mammal | det |
| 11 | furry | furry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 mammal | amod |
| 12 | mammal | mammal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bat | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | it | a big bat and a furry mammal | tree rules |
Option 4
Yes, it was a kind of bird with feathers and teeth
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 kind | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 kind | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 kind | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 kind | det |
| 6 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 bird | case |
| 8 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 kind | nmod |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 feathers | case |
| 10 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 kind | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 teeth | cc |
| 12 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 feathers | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | it | a kind | of bird; with feathers and teeth | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/t1/