Test 5 · Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs a…

In a film a giant mosasaur leaps out of a pool and swallows a shark. What is true about mosasaurs?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: giant mosasaur · What happens: leap out, swallow, be · To what, where: pool, film, shark

This is test 5 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a film a giant mosasaur leaps out of a pool and swallows a shark.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 film	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 film	det
3	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 leaps	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 mosasaur	det
5	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 mosasaur	amod
6	mosasaur	mosasaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 leaps	nsubj
7	leaps	leap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	out	out	ADP	_	11 pool	case
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 pool	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 pool	det
11	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 leaps	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 swallows	cc
13	swallows	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 leaps	conj
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 shark	det
15	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 swallows	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 leaps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leap out	present	a giant mosasaur	a pool		a film			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pool=Trajectory
2	swallow	present	a giant mosasaur not said here	a shark					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shark=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true about mosasaurs?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	5 mosasaurs	case
5	mosasaurs	mosasaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about mosasaurs; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They were small, about the size of a cat, and ate only little shrimps

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 small	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 small	cop
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 size	punct
5	about	about	ADV	_	7 size	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 size	det
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 small	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 cat	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 cat	det
10	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 size	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ate	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 ate	cc
13	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 small	conj
14	only	only	ADV	_	16 shrimps	advmod
15	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 shrimps	amod
16	shrimps	shrimp	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	They					the size of a cat obl; small property	tree rules
2	eat	past	They not said here	little shrimps					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shrimp=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They were huge sea lizards up to about 15 metres, related to snakes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 lizards	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 lizards	cop
3	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 lizards	amod
4	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lizards	compound
5	lizards	lizard	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	up	up	ADP	_	10 metres	case
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 metres	case
8	about	about	ADV	_	9 15	advmod
9	15	15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 metres	nummod
10	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lizards	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 related	punct
12	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 lizards	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 snakes	case
14	snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 related	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	They	huge sea lizards				up 15 metres	tree rules
2	be		They not said here					to snakes	tree rules

Option 3

They were dinosaurs that swam, the biggest dinosaurs that ever lived

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 dinosaurs	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 dinosaurs	cop
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 swam	nsubj
5	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 dinosaurs	acl:relcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 dinosaurs	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 dinosaurs	det
8	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 dinosaurs	amod
9	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dinosaurs	conj
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 lived	nsubj
11	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	12 lived	advmod
12	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 dinosaurs	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	is a	past	They	dinosaurs and the biggest dinosaurs		tree rules
2	swim	past	dinosaurs and the biggest dinosaurs			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	live	past	the biggest dinosaurs		ever	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

They were sharks themselves, with skeletons made of soft cartilage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sharks	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sharks	cop
3	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 sharks	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 skeletons	punct
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 skeletons	case
7	skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sharks	appos
8	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 skeletons	acl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 cartilage	case
10	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 cartilage	amod
11	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	They	sharks				sharks = shark nmod	tree rules
2	make	participle		skeletons not said here				of soft cartilage	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/t5/