Exam question 2 · Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground slot…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the extinction of the woolly mammoth.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, extinguish · To what, where: response, extinction, woolly mammoth

This is exam question 2 of lesson 272 «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 extinction	det
11	extinction	extinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 mammoth	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 mammoth	det
14	woolly	woolly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 mammoth	amod
15	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 extinction	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the extinction of the woolly mammoth		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus extinction=Experiencer
4	extinguish			the woolly mammoth		nom extinction «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is attributed to the impact of an asteroid at the close of the last glacial period

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 attributed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 attributed	aux:pass
3	attributed	attribute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 impact	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 impact	det
6	impact	impact	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attributed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 asteroid	case
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 asteroid	det
9	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 impact	nmod
10	at	at	ADP	_	12 close	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 close	det
12	close	close	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attributed	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	17 period	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 period	det
15	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 period	amod
16	glacial	glacial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 period	amod
17	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 close	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attribute	present · passive		It		the close of the last glacial period		to the impact of a asteroid	tree rules
2	impact			a asteroid					nom impact «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It is attributed to predation by the last surviving dinosaurs of the northern regions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 attributed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 attributed	aux:pass
3	attributed	attribute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 predation	case
5	predation	predation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attributed	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	10 dinosaurs	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dinosaurs	det
8	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 dinosaurs	amod
9	surviving	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 dinosaurs	amod
10	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 attributed	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 regions	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 regions	det
13	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 regions	amod
14	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 dinosaurs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attribute	present · passive	the last surviving dinosaurs of the northern regions	It				to predation	tree rules
2	survive	gerund							vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is generally attributed to a warming climate in combination with human hunting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 attributed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 attributed	aux:pass
3	generally	generally	ADV	_	4 attributed	advmod
4	attributed	attribute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 climate	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 climate	det
7	warming	warm	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 climate	amod
8	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 attributed	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 combination	case
10	combination	combination	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 climate	nmod
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 hunting	case
12	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 hunting	amod
13	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 attributed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attribute	present · passive		It				to a warming climate in combination; with human hunting; generally property	tree rules
2	warm	gerund							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The species is understood to survive at the present day in the remote north

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 understood	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 understood	aux:pass
4	understood	understand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 survive	mark
6	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 understood	xcomp
7	at	at	ADP	_	10 day	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 day	det
9	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 day	amod
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 survive	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 north	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 north	det
13	remote	remote	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 north	amod
14	north	north	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 survive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	understand	present · passive		the species					tree rules
2	survive	to-infinitive				the remote north	day		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in north=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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