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Test 5 · Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground slot…

In the cartoon the ground sloth is small and silly. What was Megatherium really like?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: ground sloth, Megatherium · What happens: be · To what, where: cartoon

This is test 5 of lesson 272 «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In the cartoon the ground sloth is small and silly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 small	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sloth	det
5	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sloth	compound
6	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 small	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 small	cop
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 silly	cc
10	silly	silly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 small	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 small	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the ground sloth			the cartoon		small property	tree rules
2	be		the ground sloth not said here						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What was Megatherium really like?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 like	obj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 like	cop
3	Megatherium	Megatherium	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 like	nsubj
4	really	really	ADV	_	5 like	advmod
5	like	like	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 like	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Megatherium					like property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

A sloth that lived in the sea and swam after fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 sloth	det
2	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 swam	nsubj
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 lived	nsubj
4	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 sloth	acl:relcl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 sea	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lived	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 lived	cc
9	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	after	after	ADP	_	11 fish	case
11	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 swam	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	a sloth			the sea			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location
2	swim	past	a sloth				after fish		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

A meat-eater with long sharp fangs that hunted deer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 eater	det
2	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eater	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 meat	punct
4	eater	eater	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 fangs	case
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fangs	amod
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fangs	amod
8	fangs	fang	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 eater	nmod
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 hunted	nsubj
10	hunted	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 fangs	acl:relcl
11	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 hunted	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	past	long sharp fangs	deer					vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deer=Theme

Option 3

Small enough to sit on your lap and sleep all day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	enough	enough	ADV	_	1 Small	advmod
3	to	to	PART	_	4 sit	mark
4	sit	sit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Small	advcl
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 lap	case
6	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 lap	nmod:poss
7	lap	lap	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sit	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 sleep	cc
9	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sit	conj
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 day	det
11	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sleep	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	to-infinitive				your lap			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on lap=Location
2	sleep	present					day		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

As big as an elephant, standing up to reach leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADV	_	2 big	advmod
2	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	as	as	ADP	_	5 elephant	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 elephant	det
5	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 big	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 standing	punct
7	standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 big	advcl
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 standing	compound:prt
9	to	to	PART	_	10 reach	mark
10	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 standing	advcl
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 reach	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand up	gerund							vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	reach	to-infinitive		leaves					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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