Exam question 2 · Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the largest animal known to have existed.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, know, exist · To what, where: response, largest animal

This is exam question 2 of lesson 273 «Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 animal	det
11	largest	large	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 animal	amod
12	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 animal	acl
14	to	to	PART	_	16 existed	mark
15	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 existed	aux
16	existed	exist	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 known	xcomp
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the largest animal		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer
4	know	participle		the largest animal not said here		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
5	exist	to-infinitive · perfect				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is the giant squid

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 squid	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 squid	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 squid	det
4	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 squid	amod
5	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the giant squid					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is the blue whale, which survives at the present day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 whale	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 whale	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 whale	det
4	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 whale	amod
5	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 survives	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 survives	nsubj
8	survives	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 whale	parataxis
9	at	at	ADP	_	12 day	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 day	det
11	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 day	amod
12	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 survives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the blue whale					tree rules
2	survive	present	the blue whale				day		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It is megalodon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 megalodon	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 megalodon	cop
3	megalodon	megalodon	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	megalodon					tree rules

Option 4

It is Argentinosaurus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 Argentinosaurus	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 Argentinosaurus	cop
3	Argentinosaurus	Argentinosaurus	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	Argentinosaurus					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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