Exam question 4 · Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the evidence for the existence of the creature popularly termed Bigfoot?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: evidence, creature · What happens: follow, characteris, term, exist · To what, where: Bigfoot

This is exam question 4 of lesson 274 «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 evidence	det
10	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 termed	nsubj
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 existence	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 existence	det
13	existence	existence	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 evidence	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 creature	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 creature	det
16	creature	creature	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 existence	nmod
17	popularly	popularly	ADV	_	18 termed	advmod
18	termed	term	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 characterises	ccomp
19	Bigfoot	Bigfoot	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 termed	obj
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present			of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	term	past	the evidence for the existence of the creature	Bigfoot	popularly property	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent bigfoot=Result
4	exist		the creature			nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is known from a complete preserved body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 known	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 known	aux:pass
3	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	8 body	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 body	det
6	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 body	amod
7	preserved	preserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 body	amod
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 known	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present · passive		It		a complete preserved body			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus
2	preserve	participle							vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

There is no evidence of its existence, although the extinct Gigantopithecus is known from teeth and jaws

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 evidence	det
4	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 existence	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 existence	nmod:poss
7	existence	existence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 evidence	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 known	punct
9	although	although	SCONJ	_	14 known	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Gigantopithecus	det
11	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 Gigantopithecus	amod
12	Gigantopithecus	Gigantopithecus	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 known	nsubj:pass
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 known	aux:pass
14	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 is	conj
15	from	from	ADP	_	16 teeth	case
16	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 known	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 jaws	cc
18	jaws	jaw	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 teeth	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	be	present	no evidence of evidence's existence		there	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	know	present · passive		the extinct Gigantopithecus	teeth and jaws	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus
3	evidence			evidence's existence		nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient
4	exist		evidence			nom existence «state intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Its existence has been conclusively demonstrated by photographs, footprints and hair examined in laboratories

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 existence	nmod:poss
2	existence	existence	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 demonstrated	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 demonstrated	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 demonstrated	aux:pass
5	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	_	6 demonstrated	advmod
6	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 photographs	case
8	photographs	photograph	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 demonstrated	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 footprints	punct
10	footprints	footprint	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 photographs	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 hair	cc
12	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 photographs	conj
13	examined	examine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 photographs	acl
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 laboratories	case
15	laboratories	laboratory	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 examined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	demonstrate	present · perfect · passive	photographs and footprints and hair	Its existence		conclusively property	vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Topic
2	examine	participle		photographs and footprints and hair not said here	laboratories		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	exist		Its = it				nom existence «state intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

It is identical to the living gorilla of China

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 identical	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 identical	cop
3	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 gorilla	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gorilla	det
6	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 gorilla	amod
7	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 identical	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 China	case
9	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 gorilla	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					to the living gorilla of China; identical property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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