Test 4 · ★★★ · Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants
«giant dragonflies, so the bugs today could get massive too if we wait?» What is the best answer?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: giant dragonflies, we, best answer · What happens: get, wait, be
This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 274 «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: «giant dragonflies, so the bugs today could get massive too if we wait?»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 3 dragonflies | punct |
| 2 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 dragonflies | amod |
| 3 | dragonflies | dragonfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 get | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 bugs | punct |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 7 bugs | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bugs | det |
| 7 | bugs | bug | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 dragonflies | conj |
| 8 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 get | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 get | aux |
| 10 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 11 | massive | massive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 get | xcomp |
| 12 | too | too | ADV | _ | 15 wait | advmod |
| 13 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 15 wait | mark |
| 14 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 wait | nsubj |
| 15 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 get | advcl |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 15 wait | punct |
| 17 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 15 wait | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get in a quote | could | giant dragonflies and the bugs | today | massive property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | wait a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | we | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the best answer?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 answer | det |
| 4 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 answer | amod |
| 5 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the best answer | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, every bug in your garden will soon be the size of a crow or bigger
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 12 size | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 bug | det |
| 4 | bug | bug | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 size | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 garden | case |
| 6 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 garden | nmod:poss |
| 7 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bug | nmod |
| 8 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 size | aux |
| 9 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 size | advmod |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 size | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 size | det |
| 12 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 crow | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 crow | det |
| 15 | crow | crow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 size | nmod |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 bigger | cc |
| 17 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 size | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | future | every bug in your garden | the size | of a crow; soon property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | be | every bug in your garden not said here | tree rules |
Option 2
No, giant dragonflies were only ever in a cartoon
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 3 giant | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 dragonflies | amod |
| 4 | dragonflies | dragonfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 ever | cop |
| 6 | only | only | ADV | _ | 7 ever | advmod |
| 7 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 4 dragonflies | advmod |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 cartoon | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 cartoon | det |
| 10 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ever | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | a cartoon | ever property | tree rules |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Not in today's air: big insects need more oxygen than there is now
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 air | advmod |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 air | case |
| 3 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 air | nmod:poss |
| 4 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 3 today | case |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 need | punct |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 insects | amod |
| 8 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 need | nsubj |
| 9 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 air | acl:relcl |
| 10 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 11 oxygen | amod |
| 11 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 need | obj |
| 12 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 14 is | mark |
| 13 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 14 is | expl |
| 14 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 need | advcl |
| 15 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 is | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | big insects | more oxygen | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot oxygen=Theme | ||||
| 2 | be | present | big insects not said here | there | now | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Yes, if you feed them more sugar
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 feed | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 feed | punct |
| 3 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 5 feed | mark |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 feed | nsubj |
| 5 | feed | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 feed | obj |
| 7 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 sugar | amod |
| 8 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 feed | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | feed | present | you | them = they | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient sugar=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/t4/