Test 2 · Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig…

«mate reckons every dinosaur that ever lived turned into a fossil, that's why museums have so many» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, that, museums · What happens: reckon, turn, be, have · To what, where: dinosaur, fossil, many

This is test 2 of lesson 275 «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reckons	nsubj
3	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 dinosaur	det
5	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reckons	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 turned	nsubj:pass
7	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	9 turned	advmod
8	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 turned	aux:pass
9	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 dinosaur	acl:relcl
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 fossil	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 fossil	det
12	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 turned	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 why	punct
14	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 why	nsubj
15	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 why	cop
16	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	18 have	advmod
17	museums	museum	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 have	nsubj
18	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reckons	advcl
19	so	so	ADV	_	20 many	advmod
20	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 have	obj
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 have	punct
22	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	24 right	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 right	cop
24	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 have	advcl
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon in a quote	present	mate	every dinosaur				vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Attribute
2	turn in a quote	past · passive		every dinosaur	a fossil	ever		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into fossil=Trajectory
3	is in a quote	present	that				why property	tree rules
4	have in a quote	present	museums	many				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient
5	is	present					right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, far fewer than one in a million animals becomes a fossil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 fewer	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 fewer	punct
3	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 fewer	advmod
4	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 one	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	4 fewer	fixed
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 becomes	nsubj
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 animals	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 million	det
9	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 animals	nummod
10	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 one	nmod
11	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 fossil	det
13	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 becomes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present	one in million animals	a fossil					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 2

No, none of them did, fossils are all plaster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 did	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 did	punct
3	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	6 did	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 them	case
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 none	nmod
6	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 plaster	punct
8	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 plaster	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 plaster	cop
10	all	all	ADV	_	11 plaster	advmod
11	plaster	plaster	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 did	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	none						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	fossils	plaster				all property	tree rules

Option 3

Yes, every bone turns to stone in the end if you wait long enough

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 turns	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 bone	det
4	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turns	nsubj
5	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 stone	case
7	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turns	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 end	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 end	det
10	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turns	obl
11	if	if	SCONJ	_	13 wait	mark
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 wait	nsubj
13	wait	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 turns	advcl
14	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 wait	advmod
15	enough	enough	ADV	_	13 wait	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	every bone				in the end	to stone	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme to stone=Source in end=Trajectory
2	wait a condition, not said to happen	present	you					enough, long property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Yes, but only the big ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 ones	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 ones	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 ones	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ones	det
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ones	amod
7	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/t2/