Test 4 · ★ · How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the lon…

«found a shell on a mountain, someone must've dropped it from a picnic» What is more likely?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: someone · What happens: find, drop, be · To what, where: shell, mountain, picnic

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 276 «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 likely	advcl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 shell	det
4	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 mountain	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 mountain	det
7	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dropped	punct
9	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	12 dropped	nsubj
10	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 dropped	aux
11	've	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 dropped	aux
12	dropped	drop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 found	parataxis
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 dropped	obj
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 picnic	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 picnic	det
16	picnic	picnic	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dropped	obl
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct
18	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	21 likely	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 likely	cop
20	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	21 likely	advmod
21	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	21 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	find in a quote	past		a shell	a mountain		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic
2	drop in a quote	must · perfect	someone	shell	a picnic		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme from picnic=Destination
3	is	present				likely property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A seagull carried it all the way up there from the beach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 seagull	det
2	seagull	seagull	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	nsubj
3	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 carried	obj
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 way	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 way	det
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl:unmarked
8	up	up	ADV	_	9 there	advmod
9	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 carried	advmod
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 beach	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 beach	det
12	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	past	a seagull	it		the beach; there		all way obl:unmarked	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent it=Theme from beach=Initial_Location

Option 2

It grew there on its own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grew	nsubj
2	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 grew	advmod
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 own	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 own	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	It			its own; there			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on own=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The mountain was a beach last year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mountain	det
2	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 beach	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 beach	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 beach	det
5	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 year	amod
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 beach	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the mountain	a beach			year		tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The rock formed under the sea long ago and was pushed up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rock	det
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 formed	nsubj
3	formed	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 formed	obl
7	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 ago	advmod
8	ago	ago	ADV	_	3 formed	advmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 pushed	cc
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 pushed	aux:pass
11	pushed	push	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 formed	conj
12	up	up	ADP	_	11 pushed	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	past	the rock			the sea		ago property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under sea=Location
2	push up	past · passive	the rock not said here						vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/t4/