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Test 9 · ★ · How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the lon…

A boy holds a piece of amber with a fly inside. Why is the fly so well kept?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: boy, fly · What happens: hold, be, keep · To what, where: piece, fly

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 276 «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy holds a piece of amber with a fly inside.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	nsubj
3	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 piece	det
5	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 amber	case
7	amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 piece	nmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 fly	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 fly	det
10	fly	fly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	obl
11	inside	inside	ADV	_	3 holds	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 holds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	a boy	a piece of amber				with a fly; inside property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is the fly so well kept?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fly	det
4	fly	fly	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
5	so	so	ADV	_	7 kept	advmod
6	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 kept	advmod
7	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 fly	acl:relcl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the fly					why property	tree rules
2	keep	participle		the fly not said here				well property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It got stuck in sticky resin that sealed it from air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 got	nsubj
2	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	stuck	stuck	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 got	xcomp
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 resin	case
5	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 resin	amod
6	resin	resin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stuck	obl
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 sealed	nsubj
8	sealed	seal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 resin	acl:relcl
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 sealed	obj
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 air	case
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sealed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	past	It					stuck property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
2	seal	past	sticky resin	resin		air			vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 2

It was frozen in a glacier

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 frozen	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 frozen	aux:pass
3	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 glacier	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 glacier	det
6	glacier	glacier	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frozen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	past · passive		It		a glacier			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result

Option 3

The fly was dipped in clear glue by a jeweller to sell it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fly	det
2	fly	fly	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dipped	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dipped	aux:pass
4	dipped	dip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 glue	case
6	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 glue	amod
7	glue	glue	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dipped	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 jeweller	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 jeweller	det
10	jeweller	jeweller	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dipped	obl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 sell	mark
12	sell	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 dipped	advcl
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 sell	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dip	past · passive	a jeweller	the fly		clear glue			vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in glue=Trajectory
2	sell	to-infinitive	a jeweller not said here	fly					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

Flies never rot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rot	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 rot	advmod
3	rot	rot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not rot	present	Flies						vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/t9/