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Test 6 · ★ · DNA simply: the recipe in every cell

In Tom and Jerry, Jerry's little nephew Nibbles looks just like a tiny copy of Jerry. Why do real relatives usually look a bit different?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: little nephew, real relatives · What happens: look, copy, do · To what, where: Jerry

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 277 «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Tom and Jerry, Jerry's little nephew Nibbles looks just like a tiny copy of Jerry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Tom	case
2	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 looks	obl
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 Jerry	cc
4	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Tom	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Tom	punct
6	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 nephew	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Jerry	case
8	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 nephew	amod
9	nephew	nephew	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 looks	nsubj
10	Nibbles	Nibbles	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 nephew	appos
11	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	just	just	ADV	_	16 copy	advmod
13	like	like	ADP	_	16 copy	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 copy	det
15	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 copy	amod
16	copy	copy	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 looks	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 Jerry	case
18	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 copy	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 looks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present	Jerry's little nephew					like a tiny copy of Jerry; in Tom and Jerry	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in tom=Theme
2	copy			Jerry					nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why do real relatives usually look a bit different?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 look	advcl
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 relatives	amod
4	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 look	nsubj
5	usually	usually	ADV	_	6 look	advmod
6	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bit	det
8	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 different	obl:unmarked
9	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 look	xcomp
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present	real relatives not said here						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	look	present	real relatives					different, usually property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

The options

Option 1

Only twins can share any DNA

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 twins	advmod
2	twins	twin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 share	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 share	aux
4	share	share	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 DNA	det
6	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 share	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	can	twins	any DNA					tree rules

Option 2

Real relatives always look exactly alike

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 relatives	amod
2	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 look	nsubj
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 look	advmod
4	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	6 alike	advmod
6	alike	alike	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 look	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present	Real relatives					alike, always property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 3

Relatives have no DNA in common, only the same surname

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 DNA	det
4	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 common	case
6	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 have	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 surname	punct
8	only	only	ADV	_	11 surname	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 surname	det
10	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 surname	amod
11	surname	surname	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Relatives	no DNA		common			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dna=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They share only some of their DNA, mixed in different ways

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 share	nsubj
2	share	share	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 some	advmod
4	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 share	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 DNA	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 DNA	nmod:poss
7	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 some	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 mixed	punct
9	mixed	mix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 share	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 ways	case
11	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ways	amod
12	ways	way	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 mixed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	present	They	some					tree rules
2	mix	participle	They not said here			different ways			vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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