Test 1 · ★★ · Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks

«my teacher said giraffes stretched their necks for leaves and their babies got the long necks. that's how it works yeah?» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: teacher, giraffes, babies, that · What happens: say, stretch, get, be · To what, where: necks, long necks · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 278 «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «my teacher said giraffes stretched their necks for leaves and their babies got the long necks. that's how it works yeah?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 said	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 teacher	nmod:poss
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 said	nsubj
4	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 stretched	nsubj
6	stretched	stretch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 said	ccomp
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 necks	nmod:poss
8	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 stretched	obj
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 leaves	case
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 stretched	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 got	cc
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 babies	nmod:poss
13	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 got	nsubj
14	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 stretched	conj
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 necks	det
16	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 necks	amod
17	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 got	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 said	punct
19	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	23 works	nsubj
20	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 works	cop
21	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	23 works	advmod
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 works	nsubj
23	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 said	ccomp
24	yeah	yeah	INTJ	_	23 works	discourse
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 said	punct
26	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: ask in a quote	past	my teacher			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	stretch in a quote	past	giraffes	giraffes's necks	for leaves	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient
3	get in a quote	past	giraffes's babies	the long necks		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neck=Stimulus
4	is in a quote	present	that		work property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, that is Lamarck's old idea; long-necked giraffes left more babies over many generations

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	8 idea	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 idea	punct
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 idea	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 idea	cop
5	Lamarck	Lamarck	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 idea	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Lamarck	case
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 idea	amod
8	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 left	nsubj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 idea	punct
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 necked	amod
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 long	punct
12	necked	neck	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 giraffes	amod
13	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 left	nsubj
14	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	16 babies	amod
16	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 left	obj
17	over	over	ADP	_	19 generations	case
18	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 generations	amod
19	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 left	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	is a	present	that	Lamarck's old idea		tree rules
2	neck	participle				vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	leave	past	Lamarck's old idea	more babies	over many generations	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent baby=Theme over generation=Location

Option 2

No, giraffe necks have never changed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 necks	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 necks	compound
4	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 changed	nsubj
5	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 changed	aux
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 changed	advmod
7	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not change	present · perfect	giraffe necks						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Yes, but only for female giraffes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 giraffes	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 giraffes	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 giraffes	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 giraffes	case
6	female	female	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 giraffes	amod
7	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Yes, stretching makes the babies' necks longer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	3 stretching	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 stretching	punct
3	stretching	stretch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 makes	nsubj
4	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 babies	det
6	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 necks	nmod:poss
7	'	's	PART	_	6 babies	case
8	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 makes	obj
9	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	gerund							vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	make	present		the babies's necks					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset neck=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/t1/