Test 8 · ★★ · Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks

«Darwin did it all alone and was first» What is closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Darwin · What happens: do, be · To what, where: it · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 278 «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 did	punct
2	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 did	nsubj
3	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 closer	csubj
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 did	obj
5	all	all	ADV	_	6 alone	advmod
6	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 did	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 first	cc
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 first	cop
9	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 did	conj
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 did	punct
11	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 closer	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 closer	cop
13	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 truth	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 truth	det
16	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 closer	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	13 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	do in a quote	past	Darwin	it	alone property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
2	is in a quote	past	Darwin not said here		first property	tree rules
3	is	present			to the truth; close property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Darwin got it from a TV show

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 got	nsubj
2	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 got	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 show	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 show	det
6	TV	TV	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 show	compound
7	show	show	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 got	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	past	Darwin	it		a TV show			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme from show=Source

Option 2

Nobody had the idea before 1959

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 idea	det
4	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
5	before	before	ADP	_	6 1959	case
6	1959	1959	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Nobody	the idea			before 1959		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient

Option 3

Darwin copied all of it from Lamarck, who wrote it down years before

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 copied	nsubj
2	copied	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 copied	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 all	nmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 Lamarck	case
7	Lamarck	Lamarck	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 copied	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 wrote	punct
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 wrote	nsubj
10	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 copied	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 wrote	obj
12	down	down	ADP	_	10 wrote	compound:prt
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 wrote	obl:unmarked
14	before	before	ADV	_	13 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	past	Darwin	all		Lamarck			vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Theme
2	write down	past		it			year		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Wallace had the same idea of natural selection at the same time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wallace	Wallace	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 idea	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 idea	amod
5	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 selection	case
7	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 selection	amod
8	selection	selection	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 idea	nmod
9	at	at	ADP	_	12 time	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 time	det
11	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 time	amod
12	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Wallace	the same idea of natural selection			time		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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