Exam question 2 · Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the premature discontinuation of a course of antibiotics.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, discontinue · To what, where: response, premature discontinuation, course

This is exam question 2 of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 discontinuation	det
11	premature	premature	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 discontinuation	amod
12	discontinuation	discontinuation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 course	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 course	det
15	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 discontinuation	nmod
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 antibiotics	case
17	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 course	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the premature discontinuation of a course of antibiotics		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus discontinuation=Experiencer
4	discontinue			a course of antibiotics		nom discontinuation «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It invariably eliminates all bacteria present within the body at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 eliminates	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 eliminates	advmod
3	eliminates	eliminate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 bacteria	det
5	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 present	nsubj
6	present	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eliminates	ccomp
7	within	within	ADP	_	9 body	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 present	obl
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 once	case
11	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 present	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eliminate	present	It					invariably property	tree rules
2	present	present	all bacteria					within the body	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It strengthens the antibiotic for future use

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 strengthens	nsubj
2	strengthens	strengthen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 antibiotic	det
4	antibiotic	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strengthens	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 use	case
6	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 use	amod
7	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strengthens	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strengthen	present	It	the antibiotic				for future use	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent antibiotic=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It permits the more resistant bacteria to survive and multiply

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 permits	nsubj
2	permits	permit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bacteria	det
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 bacteria	amod
5	resistant	resistant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bacteria	amod
6	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 permits	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 survive	mark
8	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 permits	advcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 multiply	cc
10	multiply	multiply	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 survive	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	permit	present	It	the more resistant bacteria	vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme
2	survive	to-infinitive			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	multiply	infinitive			vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It has no consequence of any kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 consequence	det
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 kind	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 kind	det
7	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consequence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no consequence of any kind					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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