Exam question 4 · Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and…

Ascertain the reason for which influenza vaccines are revised annually.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, revise · To what, where: reason, influenza vaccines

This is exam question 4 of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 revised	obl
6	influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 vaccines	compound
7	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 revised	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 revised	aux:pass
9	revised	revise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
10	annually	annually	ADV	_	9 revised	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	revise	present · passive		influenza vaccines				for the reason; annually property	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The influenza virus changes rapidly, rendering earlier vaccines less effective

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 virus	det
2	influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 virus	compound
3	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changes	nsubj
4	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	4 changes	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 rendering	punct
7	rendering	render	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 changes	advcl
8	earlier	early	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 vaccines	amod
9	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 rendering	obj
10	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 effective	advmod
11	effective	effective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 rendering	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	the influenza virus					rapidly property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	render	gerund	the influenza virus not said here	earlier vaccines				effective property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Theme

Option 2

Vaccines deteriorate in storage within one month

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deteriorate	nsubj
2	deteriorate	deteriorate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 storage	case
4	storage	storage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 deteriorate	obl
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 month	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 month	nummod
7	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 deteriorate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deteriorate	present	Vaccines			storage	month		vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Influenza is replaced each year by the common cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replaced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 replaced	aux:pass
3	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	5 year	det
5	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replaced	obl:unmarked
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 cold	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cold	det
8	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cold	amod
9	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replaced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present · passive	the common cold	Influenza			year		vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme

Option 4

The human body ceases to accept vaccines after one year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 body	det
2	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 body	amod
3	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ceases	nsubj
4	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 accept	mark
6	accept	accept	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 ceases	xcomp
7	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 accept	obj
8	after	after	ADP	_	10 year	case
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 year	nummod
10	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 accept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present	the human body						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	accept	to-infinitive	the human body not said here	vaccines			year		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/e4/