Test 2 · ★★ · Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and…

«a chihuahua and a wolf, no way same family» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: way same family · What happens: be

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 chihuahua	punct
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 chihuahua	det
3	chihuahua	chihuahua	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 wolf	cc
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 wolf	det
6	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chihuahua	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 family	punct
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 way	det
9	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 family	compound
10	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 family	amod
11	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chihuahua	conj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 family	punct
13	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	15 right	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 right	cop
15	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 family	acl:relcl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 chihuahua	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	way same family					right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Chihuahuas are a kind of fox

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chihuahuas	chihuahua	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kind	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 kind	det
4	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 fox	case
6	fox	fox	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Chihuahuas	a kind				of fox	tree rules

Option 2

Wolves came from chihuahuas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 chihuahuas	case
4	chihuahuas	chihuahua	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Wolves			chihuahuas			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from chihuahua=Initial_Location

Option 3

Chihuahuas come from mice that people kept as pets and slowly grew bigger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chihuahuas	chihuahua	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 mice	case
4	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	obl
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 kept	obj
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 kept	nsubj
7	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 mice	acl:relcl
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 pets	case
9	pets	pet	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 kept	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 grew	cc
11	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	12 grew	advmod
12	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 come	conj
13	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 grew	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	come	present	Chihuahuas		from mice	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from mouse=Initial_Location
2	keep	past	people	mice	as pets	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
3	grow	past	Chihuahuas not said here		big, slowly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

People bred all dogs from wolves by choosing which dogs had puppies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bred	nsubj
2	bred	breed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 dogs	det
4	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bred	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 wolves	case
6	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bred	obl
7	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 choosing	mark
8	choosing	choose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 bred	advcl
9	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	10 dogs	det
10	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 had	nsubj
11	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 bred	parataxis
12	puppies	puppy	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	breed	past	People	all dogs	wolves	tree rules
2	choose	gerund	People not said here			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	have	past	which dogs	puppies		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppy=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/t2/